Chapter 7 (Introduction to the Skeletal System) Flashcards
The two types of bones are ___ and ___
compact
spongy
Compact bone is also known as ___ bone, which is the ____ layer that contains lots of ___
cortical
outside
crystals
Spongy bone is also known as ___ or ___ and it is the ___ layer
cancellous
trabecular
inside
There are ___ classifications of bones, which are ___
4
1)short
2)long
3)flat
4)irregular
There are __ types of bone marrow which are ___
2
red
yellow(lipidocous)
Osteum means ___
bone
Hematopoiesis is the __
the creation of white and red blood in red bone marrow
Bones store ___ and ___
calcium
Phosphate
The Epiphyseal line is in the _ region
Metaphysics
The medullary cavity is in ____ where the bone marrow is
long bones
Hyaline cartilage is also known as the __ point. This is the type of cartilage that looks like ___
articulation
jelly beans floating in the matrix
Fibrocartilage is cartilage between your ____
vertebra
____ is the primary component of bones
Bone connective tissue
There are ___ types of bone connective tissue, they are ___
4
1) Osteoprogenitor cells
2)Osteoblasts
3)Osteocytes
4)Osteoclasts
Ossify means __
to become bone
Bones are highly ___
vascularized
A foramen is a ___
hole where vascularity leaves/enter bones
Hydroxyapetite are __
crystals in bones
Osteos are the ____ in bones, whereas osteocytes are the former ___ that are concentric to the osteons.
black circles
osteocytes
Osteoprogenitor cells ____. They also mature into ___
make more bone cells
mature into osteocytes
Osteoblasts ____. These can turn into _____.
make organic parts/fibers/matrix
osteocytes
Osteocytes maintain ___, signal __, put ___down, and talk
matrix
osteoclasts
crystals
via canaliculi canal
Osteocytes are cells __ bone and they ___ cell.
in
maintain
Osteoclasts (clasts crack!! they receive orders from osteocytes) release _____ to ____ bone so that you can remodel. They also release ___ cells which break down proteins
hydrochloric acid (also calcium)
dissolve
proteolytic
There are __ types of canals in bones. They are ___
3
Central canal (parellel)
Perforating canal (perpendicular)
canalicult canal (in the osteons?)
There are two types of lamellae which are ___
circumstitial (around circumference)
interstitial (in osteons)
There are ___ types of bone growth which are
1) Interstitial growth
2)appositional growth
3)Ossification
Interstitial growth is on __ cartilage which is ___ growth. This is on bones that make them grow in ___
hyaline
inside
length
Appositional growth is ___cartilage that grows ____ and it grows in __
hyaline
outside
width
There are types of ossification which are ___
1) Intramembranous (within a membrane)
2) Endrochondral (babies hyaline cartilage developing)
Hormones are ___
molecules released from cells into the bloodstream
Hormones that influence bone growth are ___
1)Estrogen and testosterone
2) Growth hormone
3)thyroid hormone
4)glucocorticoids (steriod hormones)
5)serotonin (neurotransmitter and hormone)
There are __ things that regulate blood calcium. They are ___
1)calcitriol (increases calcium)
2)Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (removes calcium from the blood
3) Vitamin D
4)Calcitonin (causes calcium to go into your bones)
The effects of againg are ___(3)
1) decreased tensile strength
2) loss of calcium and minerals (known as osteopenia)
3) Osteoporosis (reduced bone mass…makes your bones porous)
The four main types of bone fractures are ___
1)stress
2)pathologic
3)simple (broken bone not penetrating skin)
4)compound (one or both ends of the bones pierce the skin)
The four stages of bone repairing are ___
1)fracture hematoma
2)fibrocartilaginous callus forms
3)a hard bony callus forms
4)the bone is remodeled
