Chapter 10 (Muscle Tissue) Flashcards
Muscle FIbers are bundled within a
fascicle
There are ___ layers of skeletal muscle C.T. wrappings, they are___
3
1)Epimysium (Outermost layer… Dense Ireg.)
2)Perimysium(white spidering structure Dense Ireg.)
3)Endomysium (Inner most…Areolar)
There are ___ types of fascia, they are ___
two
1)Deep (separates individual muscles)
2) Superficial (Separates muscle From skin)
Skeletal is ___ and has extensive ___
vascularized
blood vessels
A muscle cell consists of ___ parts, they are ___
3
1) Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
2) Multiple nuclei
3) Sarcolemma (plasma membrane)
Muscle fibers are __ cell
one
Sodium which is __ charged, is the main excitatory ion.
positively
Potassium ___ down and restores the _____
resting membrane potential
The Terminal cisternae holds onto ___
calcium
Calcium binds to ___(2)
calmodulin
Calsequestrin
the pneumonic device for terminal cisternae is ___
treasure chest
Myoglib (which is a protein) holds ____
extra oxygen in muscle cells
When a motor neuron fires there is the _____ principle (everything or nothing has to contract)
all or none
A.C.H. diffused across cleft, binds to receptors, excites Fiber
ok
When thinking about muscles… the configeration of them goes ___(5)
1)Terminal Cisterae (holds calcium)
2)cytosol
3)T-tubule (voltage sensitive…green main tube that carries charge
4)Cytosol
5)Terminal Cistertae
Myofilaments are __ proteins. There are two types which are ___
1)contractile
2)thick (Myosin….which has myosin heads)
3)thin (twisted strand of actin that has an myosin binding site)
What are the two regulatory proteins in thin filaments ___
1) tropomyosin
2) troponin
Myofilaments are arranged in repeating units called __. They are delineated at both ends by ___
sarcomeres
Z discs
Sarcomere runs from ____ to ____. The ___ is the length of the thick filament. The ____ is on either side of the A band.
z disc
A band (thick filaments)
I band (only contains thin filament)
The ___ is the central portion of the A band
H zone
The ___ is the middle of the H zone
M line
__ stabilized the thick filaments
Connection (green spiral)
A ___ controls muscle fibers
motor unit
Small motor units allow for ___
precise control of force output
The gates that release calcium are voltage ____
sensitive
progression of neuromuscular junction
1) neuron excites muscle fiber by sending a nerve signal down and propagating calcium into the synaptic knob
2) calcium-binding causes vesicles to merge with the plasma membrane and ACh is exocytosed into synaptic cleft
4) ACH diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind with ACh receptors.
The sarcolemma of an unstimulated skelatal muscle fiber a a RMP of ___
-90mv
Depolarization occurs as the ___
voltage-gated NA+ channels open and sodium enters
Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated sodium channels close and sodium ____
moves out of the cell
tetanus is caused by the toxin
clostridium tetani (blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Botulism is caused by
clostridium botulinum (prevents the release of ACh at synaptic knobs
3 ways to create ATP
1) creatine phosphate
2) Glycolysis
3) Aerobic cellular respiration
When there is low oxygen available lactate forms from __
pyruvate (this is called lactate dehydrogenase)
Oxidative fibers that are fatigue-resistand are
red
glycolytic fibers which are fatigable are
white fibers
the three types of skeletal fibers are
1)slow oxidative
2) fast oxidative
3) fast glycolytic
ok
Recruitment is also called
multiple motor unit summation
ok
Isometric contraction
tension is increased by insuffcient to overcome resistance (baby)
Isotonic contraction
overcomes resistance
The tension a mucle produces depends on
the length at time of stimulation
Hypertrophy is when
muscle increases in size
atrophy is when
muscles decrease in size due to lack of use
calmodulin is a
protein that binds calcium to trigger contraction
myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK):
enzyme that phosphorylates myosin heads
when activated by calmodulin
myosin light-chain phosphatase
enzyme that dephosphorylates myosin head
(required for relaxation)
Myogenic response
is contraction in reaction to stretch
Stress-relaxation response
is relaxation after prolonged stretch
