Chapter 7: Introducing Evolution

Question 1

Extinct

Answer 1

Describes a specified that has completely disappeared from earth

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

A structure, behaviour, or physiological process that helps and organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Question 3

Mimicry

Answer 3

A structural adaptation in which a harmless species resembles a harmful species in coloration or structure

Question 4

Variation

Answer 4

Differences between individuals, which may be structural, functional, or physiological

Question 5

Mutation

Answer 5

A permanent change in the genetic material of an organism; the only source of new genetic variation

Question 6

Selective advantage

Answer 6

A genetic advantage the improves an organism’s chance of survival, usually in a changing environment

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

The process by which characteristics of a population change over many generations as organisms with heritable traits survive and reproduce, passing their trait to offspring

Question 8

Selective pressure

Answer 8

Environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics or individuals and select against other characteristics

Question 9

Fitness

Answer 9

The relative contribution an individual makes to the next generation by producing offspring that will survive long enough to reproduce

Question 10

Artificial selection

Answer 10

Selective pressure exerted by humans on populations in order to improve or modify particular desireable traits

Question 11

Biotechnology

Answer 11

The use of technology and organisms to produce useful products

Question 12

Monoculture

Answer 12

Extensive plantings of the same varieties of a species over large expanses of land