Chapter 3: Multicellular Diversity Flashcards
alga
a unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic, aquatic protist
plant
a multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryote with cellulose based cell walls
sporic reproduction
sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete making individual and a spore-making individual
gametophyte
the haploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces gametes by mitoses
sporophyte
the diploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces spore by meiosis
embryo
an organism’s pre-birth stage of development
bryophyte
a small, non-vascular land plant (Bryophyta is for mosses; a type of bryophyte)
gymnosperm
a vascular plant with non-enclosed seeds
angiosperm
a vascular plant with seeds enclosed in protective tissue
cone
a gymnosperm structure that contains male or female reproductive parts
flower
a collection of structures in angiosperms used for sexual reproduction
monocot
a major cluster of flowering plants that have one cotyledon
dicot
a major cluster of flowering plants that have two cotyledons
fungus
a stationary, heterophobic eukaryotic organism who cell walls contain chitin
hypha
a multicellular, thread-like filament that makes up the basic structural unit of a fungus
myecellium
a complex, net-like mass made of branching hyphae
fruiting body
the spore-producing reproductive structure in fungi
zygospore
a diploid structure that develops after two haploid hypae of opposite types combine and fuse their nuclei; this structure is a characteristic of zygospore fungi that reproduce sexually during unfavourable conditions
ascus
a small finger-like structure in which sac fungi develop spores
basidium
a club shaped hypha found in members of the Basidiomycotes; they bear spores called basidiospheres
lichen
an organism thy results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthetic plant or alga
invertabrae
an animal that does not have a backbone
vertabrae
an animal that does have a backbone
radial symmetry
a body plan that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves
bilateral symmetry
a body plan that can be divided along one plane, through the central axis, into equal halves
coelom
a fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems
segmentation
the division of multicellular bodies into a series of repetitive parts
polyp
the tube-shaped sessile body form of cnidarians
medusa
the umbrella shaped, free-swimming body form of cnidarians
mantle
a membrane that surrounds a mollusc’s internal organs
exoskeleton
an external skeleton that protects organs, provides support for muscle attachment, and protects against water loss and predation
notochord
a flexible, rod-shaped structure found in chordate animals; during vertebrate development it is replaced by the spine
cartilage
the flexible, non-bony, tough material found in vertebrate
endoskeletons
tetrapod
a vertebrate with two pairs of limbs; an amphibian, reptile,
bird, or mammal
ectothermy
the reliance on environmental heat for determining internal body temperature
endothermy
the use of metabolic heat to maintain a high, constant body temperature
mammary gland
a mammalian gland that produces and secretes milk for nourishing developing young
placenta
an organ in the pregnant uterus that exchanges nutrients and oxygen between the mother and developing offspring
