Chapter 5: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

trait

Answer 1

a specific characteristic of feature exhibited by an organism

Question 2

true breeding

Answer 2

organisms that exhibit the same traits, generation after generation

Question 3

P generation

Answer 3

the organisms initially crossed and are typically true breeding

Question 4

F1 generation

Answer 4

the offspring of a cross of the P generation

Question 5

F2 generation

Answer 5

the offspring of a cross of the F1 generation

Question 6

monohybrid cross

Answer 6

the cross between two individuals that differ by one trait

Question 7

dominant

Answer 7

the form of a trait that always appears when an individual has an allele for it

Question 8

recessive

Answer 8

the form of a trait that only appears when two alleles are present

Question 9

law of segregation

Answer 9

traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives one allele

Question 10

genotypes

Answer 10

the combination of alleles for any given traits, or the organism’s entire genetic makeup

Question 11

phenotypes

Answer 11

the physical and physiological traits of an organism

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

an organism that has two identical alleles of a gene

Question 13

heterozygous

Answer 13

an organism that has two different alleles of a gene

Question 14

punnett square

Answer 14

a grid used to illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses

Question 15

test cross

Answer 15

a cross between a parent of an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent

Question 16

dihybrid cross

Answer 16

a cross of two individual that differ in two traits due to two different genes

Question 17

law of independent assortment

Answer 17

during gamete formation, the two alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes

Question 18

chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 18

traits determined by genes are inherited through the movement of chromosomes during meiosis I

Question 19

pedigree

Answer 19

a flowchart that uses symbols to show the inheritance patterns of traits in a family over many generations

Question 20

autosomal inheritance

Answer 20

the inheritance of traits determined by genes of the autosomal chromosomes

Question 21

autosomal dominant

Answer 21

the inheritance of the dominant phenotype who gene is on an autosomal chromosome

Question 22

autosomal recessive

Answer 22

the inheritance of the recessive phenotype who gene is on an autosomal chromosome

Question 23

genetic counsellor

Answer 23

a healthcare professional with specialized training in medical genetics and counselling

Question 24

gene therapy

Answer 24

a technique aimed at treating genetic disorders by introducing a correct form of the defective gene into a patient’s chromosome