Chapter 4.1: Mitosis Flashcards
list the 5 parts of mitosis
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
what happens during Interphase G1?
major period of growth, the cell is synthesizing many new molecules
what happens during Interphase S?
during synthesis, DNA is replicated. DNA exists as chromatins
what happens during Interphase G2?
more molecules are synthesized, typically extra organelles
DNA is in the form of chromatin during…
Interphase
DNA replication occurs during this stage of the cell cycle…
Interphase– Synthesis
what happens during prophase? (3)
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- nuclear membrane/envelope breaks down, nucleolus dissolves
- spindle fibres are forms from the centrosomes
what happens during metaphase? (2)
- spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator
2. spindle fibres attach to each centromere of the chromosome
what happens during anaphase? (3)
- centromere splits apart, sister chromatids separate
- spindle fibres shorten, pulling chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
- at the end, a complete set of chromosomes have been gathered at each end
what happens during telophase? (3)
- chromatins stretch out, becoming thin and almost invisible
- spindle fibres break down
- nuclear membrane forms around new set of chromosomes
the nuclear envelope breaks up or disappears during…
prophase
chromosomes condense and become visible in this stage…
prophase
the period of cytoplasmic division is called…
cytokinesis
how does cytokinesis work in plant cells?
a plate forms between the two daughter cells and will later turn into a cell wall
how does cytokinesis work in animal cells?
the cell membrane is pinched off in the centre (cleavage furrow), separating the daughter cells
what is DNA comprised of? (3)
- a sugar
- a phosphate group
- a base
what is adenine’s complimentary base pair?
thymine
what is guanine’s complimentary base pair?
cytosine
what happens during DNA replication?
the double helix unwinds and each strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand–each double helix contains one original strand and one new strand
replicated chromosomes still attached to each other are called…
sister chromatids
true or false: homologous chromosomes are identical
FALSE
true of false: sister chromatids are exact replicas of each other
TRUE
true of false: sex chromosomes are homologous
FALSE
