Chapter 4.1: Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

list the 5 parts of mitosis

A
  • interphase
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
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2
Q

what happens during Interphase G1?

A

major period of growth, the cell is synthesizing many new molecules

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3
Q

what happens during Interphase S?

A

during synthesis, DNA is replicated. DNA exists as chromatins

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4
Q

what happens during Interphase G2?

A

more molecules are synthesized, typically extra organelles

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5
Q

DNA is in the form of chromatin during…

A

Interphase

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6
Q

DNA replication occurs during this stage of the cell cycle…

A

Interphase– Synthesis

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7
Q

what happens during prophase? (3)

A
  1. chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  2. nuclear membrane/envelope breaks down, nucleolus dissolves
  3. spindle fibres are forms from the centrosomes
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8
Q

what happens during metaphase? (2)

A
  1. spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator

2. spindle fibres attach to each centromere of the chromosome

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9
Q

what happens during anaphase? (3)

A
  1. centromere splits apart, sister chromatids separate
  2. spindle fibres shorten, pulling chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
  3. at the end, a complete set of chromosomes have been gathered at each end
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10
Q

what happens during telophase? (3)

A
  1. chromatins stretch out, becoming thin and almost invisible
  2. spindle fibres break down
  3. nuclear membrane forms around new set of chromosomes
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11
Q

the nuclear envelope breaks up or disappears during…

A

prophase

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12
Q

chromosomes condense and become visible in this stage…

A

prophase

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13
Q

the period of cytoplasmic division is called…

A

cytokinesis

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14
Q

how does cytokinesis work in plant cells?

A

a plate forms between the two daughter cells and will later turn into a cell wall

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15
Q

how does cytokinesis work in animal cells?

A

the cell membrane is pinched off in the centre (cleavage furrow), separating the daughter cells

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16
Q

what is DNA comprised of? (3)

A
  1. a sugar
  2. a phosphate group
  3. a base
17
Q

what is adenine’s complimentary base pair?

A

thymine

18
Q

what is guanine’s complimentary base pair?

A

cytosine

19
Q

what happens during DNA replication?

A

the double helix unwinds and each strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand–each double helix contains one original strand and one new strand

20
Q

replicated chromosomes still attached to each other are called…

A

sister chromatids

21
Q

true or false: homologous chromosomes are identical

A

FALSE

22
Q

true of false: sister chromatids are exact replicas of each other

A

TRUE

23
Q

true of false: sex chromosomes are homologous

A

FALSE