Chapter 7 Instrumental Conditioning:Motivational Mehanisms Flashcards
The S-R structure and the law effect are related how
Based on Thorndikes law effect which stated instrumental conditioning establishes an S-R association between instrumental response (R) and the contextual stimulus (S) that are present when the response is reinforced
Believed solely responsible for instrumental conditioning
No learning about reinforcer (O) or R-O relations
The reinforcer only strengthens the S-R association
The associative structure of instrumental conditioning
There are three events to consider in the analysis of instrumental learning
S- the stimulus context
R- instrumental response
O- response outcome (reinforcer)
What sort of relation does S-O Association create
An expectancy of a reward
This is based on Pavlovian conditioning where a stimulus seems to reflect the expectance of a reward
This is signal learning
The two process theory
Assumes there are two distinct types of learning : Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental
Also assumes the learning processes are related
During instrumental conditioning S in the presence of of which the instrumental response is reinforced becomes associated with O through Pavlovian conditioning
An emotional state caused by S-O activates the instrumental behavior
Pavlovian Instrumental test
Has 3 phases to see what is controlled by what
1) standard instrumental conditioning ( lever w/ food)
2) Pavlovian conditioning ( tone w/ food)
3) instrumental returns but periodical Pavlovian too
Presentation of Pavlovian response increases instrumental response
What testing challanges two process theory
Reward specific expectancies
There is no emotional response just a want of reward
But still S-O association
R-O association
Simple response reinforcement relationship
Does not exist in 2 process theory
Instrumental conditioning involves a conditional relation where. S is followed by O only if R occurs
Consummatory response theory
a challenge brought to the idea that reinforcers are stimuli
reinforcement comes from the species specific behaviors like licking, chewing,as they are critical features of the reinforcer
moved research from special kinds of stimuli to special kinds of responses
Premack Principal
also called the differential probability principal
focuses on the differences in the likelihood of the instrumental response and the reinforcer responses
the difference in response probability between food reinforcement and instrumental response is needed for reinforcement
what patterns of high and low responses does premacks principal follow
L >H = L (Low probability response before high reinforces low)
H>L= no reinforcement ( high probability response before low results in no reinforcement)
give an example of differential probability principal
eating will reinforce idea of lever pressing in rat
but level pressing wont reinforce eating
this is because eating is more likely than bar pressing
(kids wouldnt eat candy to play pinball if they liked candy more)
Response Deprivation Hypothesis
also known as disequilibrium model
the restriction of the reinforcer activity was the critical factor for instrumental reinforcement
new way to tell what will serve as an effective reinforcer
by restricting access to reinforcer activity you can create new reinforcers
states the reinforcer is produced by the instrumental contringency
Behavioral Regulation
The extent to which an instrumental response reinforcer contingency disrupts behavioral stability and forces the individual away from its preferred activities
Behavioral Bliss Point
If an organism is free to distribute their responses among the available alternatives they will do so in a way that is most comfortable and more optimal for them
Minimum Deviation Model
Supposed to solve problem of scheduled constraint
For situations where bliss point can’t be reached closets moment still on line
