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Learning > Chapter 1 And Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 And Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Declarative or episodic learning

A

Learning about a specific event or fact, usually accessible to consciousness

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1
Q

Association

A

A connection between the representation of 2 events (2 stimuli or a stimulus and response) so that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of the other

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2
Q

Dualism

A

The view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms

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3
Q

Empiricism

A

A philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experience

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4
Q

Fatigue

A

A temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behavior

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5
Q

Hedonism

A

The philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the action of organisms are determined entirely by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain

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6
Q

Learning

A

An enduring change in the mechanism of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses

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7
Q

Maturation

A

A change in behavior caused by physical or physiological develop of the organism I the absence of experience with particles environment events

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8
Q

Nativism

A

A philosophy according to which human beings are born with inmate ideas

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9
Q

Nervism

A

The philosophical position that adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system

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10
Q

Nonsense syllables

A

A three letter combination (consonants separated by a vowel) that has no meaning used to test association
And memory under different conditions

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11
Q

Performance

A

An organisms activities at a particular time

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12
Q

Procedural learning

A

Learning ways of doing things rather than learning about specific events.
Procedural learning is typically not governed by conscious controlled processes

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13
Q

Reflex

A

A mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific response

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14
Q

What was decarts view

What did it change

A

Changed view from total free will to seeing certain behaviors are automatic reactions
Created dualism to feature free will and automatic reactions

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15
Q

Where was empericism formed?

A

By john Locke based on belief that ideas were formed through experience not just nature and free will

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16
Q

Who combined nativism and empericism ?

A

Hobbes did because he liked voluntary and involuntary but against decart he said the mind was predictable and formed hedonism
People go for good and run from pain

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17
Q

What were Aristides rules of association

A

Contiguity, similarity and contrast

18
Q

General process approach

A

Look for uniformities through the variety

General laws

19
Q

A process

A

Same as primary process in the opponent process theory of motivation

20
Q

Afferent nueron

A

A nueron tha transmitts messages from sense organs to the central nervous system ( also called sensory nueron)

21
Q

Appetitive behavior

A

Behavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulus

22
Q

B process

A

Opponent process in the opponent process theory of motivation

23
Q

Consummatory behavior

A

Behavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of species typical modal action patterns

24
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Reduction in effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug

25
Q

Efferent neuron

A

A neuron that transmits impulses to muscles

Motor neuron

26
Q

Focal search mode

A

The second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search mode
In which the organism engages in behavior focused on a particular location or stimulus that is indicative of the presence of food. Focal search is a form of appetitive behavior that is more closely related to food then general search

27
Q

Food handling mode

A

The last component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism handles and consumes the food. This is similar to what ethnologists call a consummatory behavior

28
Q

General search mode

A

The earliest component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism engages in no directed locomotor behavior.
General search mode is a form of appetitive behavior

29
Q

Habituation effect

A

A progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the elicited stimulus

30
Q

Interneuron

A

A neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons

31
Q

Modal action pattern

A

A response pattern exhibited by most if not all members of a species in much the same way
It is used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behavior

32
Q

Opponent processes

A

A compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to the primary process elicited by biologically significant events
It causes physiological and behavioral change that are opposite of those caused by the primary process

33
Q

Primary process

A

The first process that is elicited by a biological significant stimulus

34
Q

Reflex arc

A

Neural structures consisting of the sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron, that enable a stimulus to elicit a reflex response

35
Q

Releasing stimulus

A

Also called sign stimulus

A specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a modal action pattern in another organism

36
Q

Sensitization effect

A

An increase in the vigor of elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations I the elicited stimulus or from exposure ton strong extraneous stimulus

37
Q

Sensitization process

A

A neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulus

38
Q

Sensory adaption

A

A temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulation

39
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Recovery of a response produced by a period of rest after habituation or extinction

40
Q

S-R system

A

The shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an elicited stimulus and the muscles involved in making an elicited response

41
Q

State system

A

Neural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness or readiness to respond of the organism

42
Q

Supernormal stimulus

A

An artificially enlarged or exaggerated sign stimulus that elicits an unusually vigorous response

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