Chapter 1 And Chapter 2

Question 0

Declarative or episodic learning

Answer 0

Learning about a specific event or fact, usually accessible to consciousness

Question 1

Association

Answer 1

A connection between the representation of 2 events (2 stimuli or a stimulus and response) so that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of the other

Question 2

Dualism

Answer 2

The view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms

Question 3

Empiricism

Answer 3

A philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experience

Question 4

Fatigue

Answer 4

A temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behavior

Question 5

Hedonism

Answer 5

The philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the action of organisms are determined entirely by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain

Question 6

Learning

Answer 6

An enduring change in the mechanism of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses

Question 7

Maturation

Answer 7

A change in behavior caused by physical or physiological develop of the organism I the absence of experience with particles environment events

Question 8

Nativism

Answer 8

A philosophy according to which human beings are born with inmate ideas

Question 9

Nervism

Answer 9

The philosophical position that adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system

Question 10

Nonsense syllables

Answer 10

A three letter combination (consonants separated by a vowel) that has no meaning used to test association
And memory under different conditions

Question 11

Performance

Answer 11

An organisms activities at a particular time

Question 12

Procedural learning

Answer 12

Learning ways of doing things rather than learning about specific events.
Procedural learning is typically not governed by conscious controlled processes

Question 13

Reflex

Answer 13

A mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific response

Question 14

What was decarts view

What did it change

Answer 14

Changed view from total free will to seeing certain behaviors are automatic reactions
Created dualism to feature free will and automatic reactions

Question 15

Where was empericism formed?

Answer 15

By john Locke based on belief that ideas were formed through experience not just nature and free will

Question 16

Who combined nativism and empericism ?

Answer 16

Hobbes did because he liked voluntary and involuntary but against decart he said the mind was predictable and formed hedonism
People go for good and run from pain

Question 17

What were Aristides rules of association

Answer 17

Contiguity, similarity and contrast

Question 18

General process approach

Answer 18

Look for uniformities through the variety

General laws

Question 19

A process

Answer 19

Same as primary process in the opponent process theory of motivation

Question 20

Afferent nueron

Answer 20

A nueron tha transmitts messages from sense organs to the central nervous system ( also called sensory nueron)

Question 21

Appetitive behavior

Answer 21

Behavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulus

Question 22

B process

Answer 22

Opponent process in the opponent process theory of motivation

Question 23

Consummatory behavior

Answer 23

Behavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of species typical modal action patterns

Question 24

Drug tolerance

Answer 24

Reduction in effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug

Question 25

Efferent neuron

Answer 25

A neuron that transmits impulses to muscles | Motor neuron

Question 26

Focal search mode

Answer 26

The second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search mode In which the organism engages in behavior focused on a particular location or stimulus that is indicative of the presence of food. Focal search is a form of appetitive behavior that is more closely related to food then general search

Question 27

Food handling mode

Answer 27

The last component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism handles and consumes the food. This is similar to what ethnologists call a consummatory behavior

Question 28

General search mode

Answer 28

The earliest component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism engages in no directed locomotor behavior. General search mode is a form of appetitive behavior

Question 29

Habituation effect

Answer 29

A progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the elicited stimulus

Question 30

Interneuron

Answer 30

A neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons

Question 31

Modal action pattern

Answer 31

A response pattern exhibited by most if not all members of a species in much the same way It is used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behavior

Question 32

Opponent processes

Answer 32

A compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to the primary process elicited by biologically significant events It causes physiological and behavioral change that are opposite of those caused by the primary process

Question 33

Primary process

Answer 33

The first process that is elicited by a biological significant stimulus

Question 34

Reflex arc

Answer 34

Neural structures consisting of the sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron, that enable a stimulus to elicit a reflex response

Question 35

Releasing stimulus

Answer 35

Also called sign stimulus | A specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a modal action pattern in another organism

Question 36

Sensitization effect

Answer 36

An increase in the vigor of elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations I the elicited stimulus or from exposure ton strong extraneous stimulus

Question 37

Sensitization process

Answer 37

A neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulus

Question 38

Sensory adaption

Answer 38

A temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulation

Question 39

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 39

Recovery of a response produced by a period of rest after habituation or extinction

Question 40

S-R system

Answer 40

The shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an elicited stimulus and the muscles involved in making an elicited response

Question 41

State system

Answer 41

Neural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness or readiness to respond of the organism

Question 42

Supernormal stimulus

Answer 42

An artificially enlarged or exaggerated sign stimulus that elicits an unusually vigorous response