Chapter 1 And Chapter 2 Flashcards
Declarative or episodic learning
Learning about a specific event or fact, usually accessible to consciousness
Association
A connection between the representation of 2 events (2 stimuli or a stimulus and response) so that the occurrence of one of the events activates the representation of the other
Dualism
The view of behavior according to which actions can be separated into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms
Empiricism
A philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from experience
Fatigue
A temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive use of the muscles involved in the behavior
Hedonism
The philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the action of organisms are determined entirely by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain
Learning
An enduring change in the mechanism of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses
Maturation
A change in behavior caused by physical or physiological develop of the organism I the absence of experience with particles environment events
Nativism
A philosophy according to which human beings are born with inmate ideas
Nervism
The philosophical position that adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system
Nonsense syllables
A three letter combination (consonants separated by a vowel) that has no meaning used to test association
And memory under different conditions
Performance
An organisms activities at a particular time
Procedural learning
Learning ways of doing things rather than learning about specific events.
Procedural learning is typically not governed by conscious controlled processes
Reflex
A mechanism that enables a specific environmental event to elicit a specific response
What was decarts view
What did it change
Changed view from total free will to seeing certain behaviors are automatic reactions
Created dualism to feature free will and automatic reactions
Where was empericism formed?
By john Locke based on belief that ideas were formed through experience not just nature and free will
Who combined nativism and empericism ?
Hobbes did because he liked voluntary and involuntary but against decart he said the mind was predictable and formed hedonism
People go for good and run from pain
What were Aristides rules of association
Contiguity, similarity and contrast
General process approach
Look for uniformities through the variety
General laws
A process
Same as primary process in the opponent process theory of motivation
Afferent nueron
A nueron tha transmitts messages from sense organs to the central nervous system ( also called sensory nueron)
Appetitive behavior
Behavior that occurs early in a natural behavior sequence and serves to bring the organism in contact with a releasing stimulus
B process
Opponent process in the opponent process theory of motivation
Consummatory behavior
Behavior that serves to bring a natural sequence of species typical modal action patterns
Drug tolerance
Reduction in effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug
Efferent neuron
A neuron that transmits impulses to muscles
Motor neuron
Focal search mode
The second component of the feeding behavior sequence following general search mode
In which the organism engages in behavior focused on a particular location or stimulus that is indicative of the presence of food. Focal search is a form of appetitive behavior that is more closely related to food then general search
Food handling mode
The last component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism handles and consumes the food. This is similar to what ethnologists call a consummatory behavior
General search mode
The earliest component of the feeding behavior sequence in which the organism engages in no directed locomotor behavior.
General search mode is a form of appetitive behavior
Habituation effect
A progressive decrease in the vigor of elicited behavior that may occur with repeated presentations of the elicited stimulus
Interneuron
A neuron in the spinal cord that transmits impulses from sensory to motor neurons
Modal action pattern
A response pattern exhibited by most if not all members of a species in much the same way
It is used as basic units of behavior in ethological investigations of behavior
Opponent processes
A compensatory mechanism that occurs in response to the primary process elicited by biologically significant events
It causes physiological and behavioral change that are opposite of those caused by the primary process
Primary process
The first process that is elicited by a biological significant stimulus
Reflex arc
Neural structures consisting of the sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron, that enable a stimulus to elicit a reflex response
Releasing stimulus
Also called sign stimulus
A specific feature of an object or animal that elicits a modal action pattern in another organism
Sensitization effect
An increase in the vigor of elicited behavior that may result from repeated presentations I the elicited stimulus or from exposure ton strong extraneous stimulus
Sensitization process
A neural mechanism that increases the magnitude of responses elicited by a stimulus
Sensory adaption
A temporary reduction in the sensitivity of sense organs caused by repeated or excessive stimulation
Spontaneous recovery
Recovery of a response produced by a period of rest after habituation or extinction
S-R system
The shortest neural pathway that connects the sense organs stimulated by an elicited stimulus and the muscles involved in making an elicited response
State system
Neural structures that determine the general level of responsiveness or readiness to respond of the organism
Supernormal stimulus
An artificially enlarged or exaggerated sign stimulus that elicits an unusually vigorous response
