Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation Flashcards
What are the four main local manifestations of acute inflammation?
Swelling
pain
heat
redness
p. 213
What do the 4 local manifestations of inflammation result from?
Vascular changes and the subsequent leakage of circulating components into the tissue.
Heat and redness result from vasodilation and increased blood flow through the injured site. Swelling occurs as exudate (fluid and cells) accumulates. Swelling is usually accompanied by pain caused by pressure exerted by exudate accumulation, as well as the presence of soluble biochemical mediators such as prostaglandins and bradykinin. Loss of function may be associated with these manifestations.
p. 213
What kind of exudate is present in early or mild inflammation?
Watery or serous with very few plasma proteins or leukocytes. An example is the fluid in a blister.
p. 213
All types of cellular and tissue injury involve.…
Local inflammation. This is true whether the injury is infected or sterile, and includes everything from fractures or strains of the musculoskeletal system to burn injuries. Local inflammation is responsible for initiation of the healing process.
In more severe or advanced inflammation, the exudate may be…
Thick and clotted (fibrinous exudate), such as in the lungs of individuals with pneumonia.
If a large number of leukocytes accumulate, as in persistent bacterial infections, the exudate consists of…
Pus and is called a purulent (suppurative) exudate. Purulent exudate is characteristic of walled off lesions (cysts or abscesses).
If bleeding occurs, the exudate is filled with…
Erythrocytes and is described as a hemorrhagic exudate.
In review, what are four types of exudates?
Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
The natural epithelial barrier and inflammation confer innate resistance and protection, commonly referred to as _____, ______, or _______ immunity.
innate, native, or natural
p. 191
Inflammation associated with infection usually initiates an adaptive process that results in a long-term and very effective immunity to the infecting micro-organism, referred to as ________, ________, or ________ immunity.
adaptive, acquired, or specific
p. 191
Adaptive immunity is relatively slow to develop but has ______ and more rapidly targets and eradicates a second infection with a particular disease-causing microorganism.
memory
p. 191
Some components of our immune system directly participate in the protective response, whereas others are designed to _____ the extent of the response.
limit
p. 192
