Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

Hyperaldosteronism is characterized by…

Answer 1

…excessive aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

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Question 2

Primary hyperaldosteronism (a.k.a. Conn disease or primary aldosteronism) is caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone from an abnormality of the adrenal cortex, usually a ….

Answer 2

….single, benign aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma.

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Question 3

Of the cases of primary hyperaldosteronism not caused by an adrenal adenoma, what are the rest caused by?

Answer 3

bilateral adrenal nodular hyperplasia and adrenal carcinomas

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Question 4

What is the incidence of primary hyperaldosteronism?

What is it the most common cause of?

Answer 4

Between 1 and 2% of all hypertensive individuals.

Secondary hypertension

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Question 5

Hypothyroidism is caused by a _________ production of _______ _______ by the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder of thyroid function; it affects between 0.1 and 2% of individuals in the US, and is more common in women and the elderly. It may be primary or secondary.

Answer 5

deficient
thyroid hormone

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Question 6

Primary hypothyroidism is the most prevalent type. _______ (secondary) hypothyroidism is much less common, and includes conditions that cause either ________ or _________ failure with subsequent failure to stimulate normal thyroid function.

Answer 6

Central
pituitary
hypothalamic

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Question 7

How is subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure, estimated to occur in 4 - 8% of US adults. It is defined as….

Answer 7

…an elevation in TSH level with normal levels of circulating thyroid hormone.

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Question 8

What are the common causes of primary hypothyroidism?

Answer 8

autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
iatrogenic loss of thyroid tissue (usually due to surgery or radiation treatment)
medications
endemic iodine deficiency 
congenital defects of the thyroid gland 

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