Chapter 7-Implications of Age- and Sex-related differences on resistance exercise Flashcards
biological age
measured in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity or sexual maturation
training age
length of time an individual has consistently followed a formalized and supervised resistance training program
peak height velocity (PHV)
the age at maximum rate of growth during the pubertal growth spurt
young athletes may be at risk of injury during this time
adolescent training programs should be individualized based on
technical competency, training age, maturity level and psychosocial needs
peak muscle mass
occurs in females between 16-20
occurs in males from 18-25
diaphysis
primary ossification center located in the central shaft of the long bones
growth cartilage
secondary ossification center located in 3 sites
epiphyseal plate
joint surface
apophyseal insertions of muscle-tendon units
mesomorphic
endomorphic
ectomorphic
muscular and broader shoulders
rounder and broader hips
slender and tall
areas of concern for youth training programs
quality of instruction and rate of progression
strength differences in men and women
women generally have 2/3 the strength of men
when expressed relative to body weight, lower body strength is similar, upper body for women is less
when expressed relative to fat-free mass no difference
when expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area, no difference
female athlete triad
interrelationship between energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density
program considerations for women
upper body strength concentration and injury prevention particularly the knee
osteopenia
osteoporosis
sarcopenia
bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5 SD of young adult mean
bone mineral density below -2.5 SD of young adult mean
loss of muscle mass and strength
program considerations for older adults
preexisting medical conditions
training history
nutritional status
