Chapter 4-Endocrine Responses

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

body structures specialized for the synthesis, storage and release of hormones into the blood

Question 2

GAS-General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 2

describes the fundamental aspects of progressive overload

body responds to a stressor and produces a training adaptation

Question 3

hormones

Answer 3

chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored or released into the blood by endocrine glands

Question 4

endocrine system

Answer 4

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, heart, adrenal glands, liver, pancreas, kidneys and reproductive glands

can release hormones in two ways:

chemical signal stimulates a gland and hormones are released
direct neural stimulation signals the glands to release

Question 5

anabolic hormones

Answer 5

promote the tissue building process, especially protein synthesis

include testosterone, insulin and insulin-like growth factor

Question 6

catabolic hormones

Answer 6

metabolize muscle proteins and degrade the tissues

cortisol and glucagon

help to remodel tissue and provide immediate energy during exercise

Question 7

thyroid hormones

Answer 7

serve as regulators that can block or allow the actions of the anabolic/catabolic hormones

Question 8

lock and key theory

Answer 8

a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor and only those two sites interact with each other

Question 9

cross reactivity

Answer 9

hormone has the ability to partially interact with a receptor site and subsequently block any other interaction from occurring at that site

Question 10

allosteric binding sites

Answer 10

substances other than hormones can reduce/enhance the initial response of the hormone

Question 11

downregulation

Answer 11

occurs when a receptor site decreases its ability to respond to a specific hormone or negates the response process altogether

Question 12

testosterone

Answer 12

primary androgen hormone that communicates with the musculoskeletal system
causes a large increase in calcium within the muscle fibers which allows for stronger contractions and increased protein synthesis

Question 13

growth hormone

Answer 13

released by the pituitary gland
active during childhood growth and development
released during resistance training, especially during high intensity exercises and those involving the Valsalva maneuver
tends to increase during certain hours of sleep

Question 14

increase testosterone levels through exercise that

Answer 14

includes large muscle groups
heavy resistance (85-95% 1 RM)
mod to high volume (multiple sets, multiple exercises)
short rest intervals (30s -1 min)
2 yrs or more resistance training experience

Question 15

after a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to the body

Answer 15

amount of physiological stress
metabolic demands of exercise
type of physiological stress

Question 16

type of resistance training that promotes the highest growth hormone increases

Answer 16

high volume, high sets, short rest

Question 17

increase growth hormone concentrations

Answer 17

workouts with higher lactate concentrations and associated acid/base disruptions
high intensity (10RM/heavy resistance)
3 sets of each exercise (high total work)
short (1 min) rest
supplement diet with carbs and protein before and after workouts

Question 18

optimize response of adrenal hormones

Answer 18

high volume, large muscle groups and short rest periods exposes body to an adrenergic stress
vary training protocol and rest period length from short to long over time
provide days of complete rest and use lower volume workouts to allow for recovery