Chapter 7 - Human Movement Science

Question 1

Human movement system (HMS)

Answer 1

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

Question 2

Kinetic chain

Answer 2

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Question 3

Regional interdependence model

Answer 3

The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.

Question 4

Biomechanics

Answer 4

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 5

Kinesiology

Answer 5

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

Question 6

Anatomic position

Answer 6

The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

Question 7

Osteokinematics

Answer 7

Movement of a limb that is visible.

Question 8

Arthrokinematics

Answer 8

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

Question 9

Sagittal plane

Answer 9

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 12

Hyperextension

Answer 12

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 13

Dorsiflexion

Answer 13

Flexion occurring at the ankle.

Question 14

Plantar flexion

Answer 14

Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards

Question 15

Frontal plane

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, and side-to-side motions.

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 18

Lateral flexion

Answer 18

Bending of the spine from side to side.

Question 19

Eversion

Answer 19

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

Question 20

Inversion

Answer 20

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

Question 21

Transverse plane

Answer 21

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 22

Internal rotation

Answer 22

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

Question 23

External rotation

Answer 23

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body.

Question 24

Horizontal abduction

Answer 24

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 25

Horizontal adduction

Answer 25

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 26

Radioulnar pronation

Answer 26

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position.

Question 27

Radioulnar supination

Answer 27

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position.

Question 28

Pronation of the foot

Answer 28

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.

Question 29

Supination of the foot

Answer 29

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.

Question 30

Gait

Answer 30

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.