Chapter 1 - Modern State Of Health And Fitness Flashcards
Obesity
Complex disease involving excessive amounts of body fat (BMI 30 or greater)
Kinesiology
Study of movement as how it relates to anatomy and physiology
Evidence based practice
Practice relying on evidence for guidance and decision making. Includes individual professional expertise, best external evidence, and, client values and expectations
Musculoskeletal System
Combined, interworking system of bones and muscles
Deconditioned
State of lost physical fitness, which includes muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lost core and joint stability
Deconditioned
State of lost physical fitness, which includes muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lost core and joint stability
Overweight
Weight greater than what’s considered within normal standards (BMI 25.0-29.9)
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships
Homeostasis
Process by which human body strives to maintain a stable equilibrium
Mortality
State or risk of death/dying
Morbity
State of having a disease
Socioeconomic Status
Social standing of individual or group based on education, income and occupation
Risk factor
Exposure, attributes or characteristics of individual that increase likelihood of developing disease or injury
Cholesterol
Waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells
Heart failure
Condition which heart can’t pump enough blood to meet bodily needs
Heart attack
Action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood & oxygen becomes blocked ; medically known as myocardial infarction
Stroke
Sudden lack of blood to brain caused by blockage in artery or ruptured blood vessel
Arrythmia
Problem with rate or rhythm of persons heartbeat, caused either by blockage in artery or ruptured blood vessel
Atherosclerosis
Process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow
Ischemic heart disease
Category of heart related problems caused by narrowing of coronary arteries which supply blood and oxygen to heart muscle
Heart valve problem
Condition occuring when one or more heart valves don’t function properly; causing shortness of breather and reduced oxygen supply to blood
Risk factor
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of individual that increases likelihood of developing disease or injury
Physical activity
Body movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes of intensities. Not structured exercise
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
Pressure in arteries and other vessels when heart is contracting; first (top) number recorded
Diasolic blood pressure
Pressure In aretries and other blood vesseles when hearts at rest or between beats; second (bottom) number recorded
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Glucose
Simplest form of carbohydrate used by body for energy
Insulin resistance
Inability of cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes
Cancer
Group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with potential to invade or spread to other parts of body
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
General term used to describe progressive lung diseases’ including emphysema, chronic bronchitis’ and refractory (nonreversable) asthma
Endorphins
Group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing perception of pain
Skeletal muscle
Type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement
Sprain
Stretching or tearing of ligaments
Plantar fasciitis
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of foot, which often results in intense heel pain
Patellar tendonitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone)
Anterior crucial ligament (ACL) tear
A stretch, partisl tear, or complete tear of the exterior crucial ligament of the knee
Medial crucial ligament (MCL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial crucial ligament of the knee
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder
