Chapter 1 - Modern State Of Health And Fitness

Question 1

Obesity

Answer 1

Complex disease involving excessive amounts of body fat (BMI 30 or greater)

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

Study of movement as how it relates to anatomy and physiology

Question 3

Evidence based practice

Answer 3

Practice relying on evidence for guidance and decision making. Includes individual professional expertise, best external evidence, and, client values and expectations

Question 4

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 4

Combined, interworking system of bones and muscles

Question 5

Deconditioned

Answer 5

State of lost physical fitness, which includes muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lost core and joint stability

Question 5

Deconditioned

Answer 5

State of lost physical fitness, which includes muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lost core and joint stability

Question 6

Overweight

Answer 6

Weight greater than what’s considered within normal standards (BMI 25.0-29.9)

Question 7

Muscle imbalance

Answer 7

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

Process by which human body strives to maintain a stable equilibrium

Question 9

Mortality

Answer 9

State or risk of death/dying

Question 10

Morbity

Answer 10

State of having a disease

Question 11

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 11

Social standing of individual or group based on education, income and occupation

Question 12

Risk factor

Answer 12

Exposure, attributes or characteristics of individual that increase likelihood of developing disease or injury

Question 13

Cholesterol

Answer 13

Waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells

Question 14

Heart failure

Answer 14

Condition which heart can’t pump enough blood to meet bodily needs

Question 15

Heart attack

Answer 15

Action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood & oxygen becomes blocked ; medically known as myocardial infarction

Question 16

Stroke

Answer 16

Sudden lack of blood to brain caused by blockage in artery or ruptured blood vessel

Question 17

Arrythmia

Answer 17

Problem with rate or rhythm of persons heartbeat, caused either by blockage in artery or ruptured blood vessel

Question 18

Atherosclerosis

Answer 18

Process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

Question 19

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 19

Category of heart related problems caused by narrowing of coronary arteries which supply blood and oxygen to heart muscle

Question 20

Heart valve problem

Answer 20

Condition occuring when one or more heart valves don’t function properly; causing shortness of breather and reduced oxygen supply to blood

Question 21

Risk factor

Answer 21

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of individual that increases likelihood of developing disease or injury

Question 22

Physical activity

Answer 22

Body movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes of intensities. Not structured exercise

Question 23

Hypertension

Answer 23

Consistently elevated blood pressure

Question 24

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Answer 24

Pressure in arteries and other vessels when heart is contracting; first (top) number recorded

Question 25

Diasolic blood pressure

Answer 25

Pressure In aretries and other blood vesseles when hearts at rest or between beats; second (bottom) number recorded

Question 26

Diabetes

Answer 26

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

Simplest form of carbohydrate used by body for energy

Question 28

Insulin resistance

Answer 28

Inability of cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes

Question 29

Cancer

Answer 29

Group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with potential to invade or spread to other parts of body

Question 30

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 30

General term used to describe progressive lung diseases’ including emphysema, chronic bronchitis’ and refractory (nonreversable) asthma

Question 31

Endorphins

Answer 31

Group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing perception of pain

Question 32

Skeletal muscle

Answer 32

Type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement

Question 33

Sprain

Answer 33

Stretching or tearing of ligaments

Question 34

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 34

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of foot, which often results in intense heel pain

Question 35

Patellar tendonitis

Answer 35

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone)

Question 36

Anterior crucial ligament (ACL) tear

Answer 36

A stretch, partisl tear, or complete tear of the exterior crucial ligament of the knee

Question 37

Medial crucial ligament (MCL) tear

Answer 37

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial crucial ligament of the knee

Question 38

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Answer 38

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder