Chapter 7: Grammar

Question 1

number

grammar agreement

Answer 1

singular/plural

Question 2

person

grammar agreement

Answer 2

1st, 2nd, 3rd

Question 3

tense

grammar agreement

Answer 3

present, past, future

Question 4

voice

grammar agreement

Answer 4

active, passive

Question 5

gender

grammar agreement

Answer 5

male, female, neutral (natural)

Question 6

grammatical gender

Answer 6

not tied to sex; nouns have a gender class (french, german)

Question 7

prescriptive approach to grammar

Answer 7

belief that grammar is a set of rules delineating the proper use of a language (latin/greek-based)

Question 8

captain kirk’s infinitive

Answer 8

splitting the infinitive

to boldly go, to solemnly swear

Question 9

descriptive approach to grammar

Answer 9

grammar structures are derived from everyday language samples

Question 10

structural analysis (descriptive grammar)

Answer 10

investigate distribution of forms with test frames

the ____ makes noise vs ____ makes noise

Question 11

constituent analysis (descriptive grammar)

Answer 11

show how small pieces combine to form larger constituents

the + old + woman -> noun phrase, from + brazil -> prepositional phrase

Question 12

adjunct

Answer 12

prepositional phrase separate from subject or object; contextualizes

Question 13

what word order is english?

Answer 13

SVO

Question 14

what word order is japanese?

Answer 14

SOV

Question 15

what is the most common word order?

Answer 15

SOV