Chapter 6: Morphology Flashcards
morphology
the study of forms/words and their parts (morphemes)
morphemes
minimal unit of grammatical function
talk, -s, -er, -ed, -ing
free morphemes
morphemes that can stand by themselves as a single word (basic nouns, verbs, etc)
new, tour
bound morphemes
morphemes that cannot stand alone
re-, -ist, -ed, -s
are there any affixes which are not bound morphemes?
no, affixes are always bound morphemes.
bound stem
bound morpheme that is not an affix
receive (cieve), reduce (duce)
lexical morpheme
a type of free morpheme. carry the content of messages (nouns/verbs/adj/adv)
girl, break, sad, never
functional morpheme
a type of free morpheme. articles, conjuctions, prepositions, pronouns; closed class.
the, and, on, it
derivational morpheme
a type of bound morpheme. create a new word/different grammatical category
-ment (encouragement), ify (classify), re (relive)
inflectional morpheme
type of bound morpheme. indicate grammatical function of word (plurality, tense, etc). 8 exist, ALL suffixes.
possessive -s (jim’s), plural -s (sisters), third person singular present -s (she likes), present participle -ing (doing), past tense -ed (worked), past participle -en (been), comparative -er (bigger), superlative -est (loudest)
can an inflectional morpheme change the grammatical category of a word?
no, never.
old, older, oldest -> all adjectives
morph
actual, realized form of morpheme
cats = /kaet/ + /-s/
allomorph
two or more morphs of the same morpheme
ie, inflectional plural morpheme -s: cats /-s/, dogs /-z/, horses /-ez/
reduplication
repeating all/part of a form
いろ → いろいろ、anak -> anakanak
suppletion
the occurance of an unrelated form to fill in a gap in a conjugation
go & went, good/better/best
