Chapter 7: Extending Mendelain Gentics (Non-Mendelain Genetics)

Question 1

Carrier

Answer 1

Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder, but does not express the disorder
- They can still pass the trait on to offspring

Question 2

Sex-Linked Gene

Answer 2

Genes that are located on the Sex Chromosome
- Females can only pass on an X, Males can pass on an X or Y
- Females: X^c X^c / X^C X^c
- Males: X^C Y / X^c Y

Question 3

X Chromosome inactivation

Answer 3

One of the 2 X Chromosomes in females is randomly “turned off”

Question 4

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 4

When a heterozygous genotype displays a phenotype that is a blending of the 2 alleles
- Neither allele is completely dominant or recessive
( i.e. Royal Blue Beta Fish / Four O’Clock flowers )

Question 5

Codominance

Answer 5

Both alleles are full and separately expressed for a heterozygous individual
- Neither allele is dominion at or recessive
( i.e. Blood Type */ animals with Spots or Splotches )

Question 6

Polygenic traits

Answer 6

Traits produced by 2 or more genes
- Not to be confused with multiple alleles
( i.e. Skin color, Height, Eye color )

Question 7

Linkage Map

Answer 7

Maps of relative locations (loci) of genes on a chromosomes, closer the genes the more likely they will be inherited together

Question 8

Pedigree

Answer 8

Chart that traces genotypes and phenotypes in a family to determine what alleles are carried
- male=square, female=circle
helps determine wether traits are autosomes/sex-linked

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

Image of all the chromosomes in a cell
- Helps us find specific genes, locations of genes on a chromosomes, or chromosomal disorders

Question 10

How are autosomal traits expressed compared to sex linked traits

Answer 10

Autosomal - Expressed the same between male and female (AA/Aa/aa)
- BB/Bb Fully expressed….bb no expression
Sex linked- Males and females express differently (X^c X^c / X^C Y)
- BB No expressed….Bb Carrier….bb Expressed

Question 11

Main Types of Non-Mendelian Inhertiance (Includes examples)

Answer 11

Incomplete Dominance - A Pink flower offspring when a red and white flower mate
Codominance - When a Red and Pink Flower Mat and there is a flower with Red and white Petals
Polygenic Traits - Human Height/Weight/Skin Color
Environment

Question 12

What’s the difference between Karyotypes and Pedigrees

Answer 12

A pedigree shows a traits present/absent in family members
Karyotypes shows the chromosome pairs of an individual