Chapter 6: Meiosis And Mendel (Mendelian Genetics)

Question 1

Gametogenesis

Answer 1

Production of Gametes

Question 2

Sperm

Answer 2

Male Gametes

Question 3

Egg

Answer 3

Female Gametes

Question 4

Polar Body

Answer 4

Small Haploid cell that is formed at the same time as an egg cells, but cannot be fertilized

Question 5

Trait

Answer 5

Distinguished characteristics that are inherited
- Eye Color/Hair Color/Skin Color/Height

Question 6

Genetics

Answer 6

Study of biology inheritance patterns and variation

Question 7

Purebred

Answer 7

Genetically uniform
The parents bred within the species so they come out just like the rest of the species

Question 8

Cross

Answer 8

Mating of two organisms
Mating of two organisms from different species so they come out with traits that are a blend of the two species

Question 9

Law of segregation

Answer 9

Organisms inherit 2 copies of each genes, parents donate only 1 copy of each gene

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

Pieces of DNA that provide a set of instructions for the cell to make certain proteins

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

Alternate forms of genes
Cells have 2 alleles

Question 12

Homozygous

Answer 12

Two of the same allele
- AA/BB/CC/DD aa/bb/cc/dd
2 Uppercase = Dominant
2 Lowercase = Recessive

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

Two different alleles
- Aa/Bb/Cc/Dd
1 Uppercase, 1 Lowercase
Dominant

Question 14

Genome

Answer 14

All of the organism’s genetic material

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

The genetic Makeup of a set of Genes
- AA/Aa/aa

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

Physical characteristics
- Tall/Blue Eyes/Blonde Hair

Question 17

Dominant

Answer 17

When there is one or two Uppercase Allele present
- AA/Aa
Will show over recessive traits

Question 18

Recessive

Answer 18

Two lowercase letters
- aa
Dominant traits will show over recessive traits

Question 19

Punnet Squares

Answer 19

Grid system for all possible genotypes resulting in a cross

Question 20

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 20

Crosses that inherit only 1 specific trait

Question 21

Test Cross

Answer 21

Cross between organism with unknown genotype and organism with recessive phenotype
- Offspring will tell the genotype of the unknown parent

Question 22

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 22

Crosses that inherit 2 different traits
- 8 crosses instead of 4

Question 23

Law of independent assortment

Answer 23

Traits that are inherited separate

Question 24

Probability

Answer 24

Likelihood that a particular event will happen

Question 25

Crossing Over

Answer 25

Exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes

Question 26

Genetic Linkage

Answer 26

Genes close to each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 27

What's the difference between Gametes and Somatic Cells?

Answer 27

Somatic Cells are "Body cells" that make up most organs and tissues Gametes are sex cells that pass on DNA

Question 28

How many chromosomes/chromosomal pairs do humans have?

Answer 28

Humans have 46 chromosomes and 46 pairs of chromosomes

Question 29

What type of Sex Chromosomes do Males and Females have

Answer 29

Males - XY Female - XX

Question 30

What are the Stages of Meiosis (In order)

Answer 30

Meiosis 1- Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Cytokinesis 1 Meiosis 2- Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, Cytokinesis 2

Question 31

What is the end stage of Meiosis 1/Meiosis 2

Answer 31

Meiosis 1- 2 unique haploid cells Meiosis 2- 4 unique haploid cells

Question 32

What was Mendel's research and what did he discover?

Answer 32

Crossbred pea plants - Pea plants were genetically simple, easy to care for, and grew quickly He discovered patterns of inheritance - Discovered traits stay separate and do not blend

Question 33

What is the difference between genotype and Phenotype

Answer 33

A genotype is the genetic make up of someone (AA/Aa/aa) A Phenotype os the physical characteristics shown (Blue Eyes/Brown Hair/Short)

Question 34

What is the difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous

Answer 34

Homozygous is two of the same alleles (AA/aa) Heterozygous is two different alleles (Aa/Bb)