Chapter 10: Principals of Evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Process of biological change by which descendants differ from ancestors
- Descent with modification

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

Group of similar organisms that can reproduce w/ offspring

Question 3

Fossil

Answer 3

Traces of organisms that existed in the past

Question 4

Catastrophism

Answer 4

Natural disasters caused mass extinctions and changes in landforms

Question 5

Gradualism

Answer 5

Earths changes happened over a long period of time by gradual processes

Question 6

Uniformitarism

Answer 6

Geological processes are uniform throughout time and add up to cause greater change

Question 7

Variation

Answer 7

Difference in physical trails of an individual from those of other its group

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

Feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environments; may lead to change in a population over time

Question 9

Artificial Selection

Answer 9

Humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits (golden doodle)

Question 10

Heritability

Answer 10

The ability of a Trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Question 11

Natural Selection

Answer 11

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

All individuals of a species living in the same area
- Well suited to their environment

Question 13

Fitness

Answer 13

Measure of the ability to survive & produce more offspring

Question 14

Biogeography

Answer 14

Study of distribution of organisms around the world

Question 15

Homologous Structure

Answer 15

Similar structures in related species that have evolved in different ways

Question 16

Analogous structure

Answer 16

similar structures in unrelated species

Question 17

Vestigial Structure

Answer 17

Structures that no longer serve a purpose

Question 18

Paleontology

Answer 18

Study of fossils/extinct organisms

Question 19

What is the process of evolution and how does it work?

Answer 19

Combined effects of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift cause changes in population
Over a longer period of time the genetic make up of a population is altered

Question 20

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 20

Developed classification system
Proposed hybridization

Question 21

Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon

Answer 21

Proposed shared ancestors
Proposed earth was 6000+ yrs old

Question 22

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 22

All living things come from common ancestor
More complex forms came from less complex

Question 23

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 23

No extinction
Environnement change = organism difference
Inheritance change
Acquired Traits can be inherited

Question 24

What are the 4 main principals of evolution

Answer 24

Mutation
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection

Question 25

What are the evidences of evolution?

Answer 25

Anatomy Biogeography Fossil Record Embryology Evolution

Question 26

An example of a Vestigial structure?

Answer 26

Appendix Pelvic bone on snake Wings on flightless birds

Question 27

An example of a Homologous structure?

Answer 27

Human arm / Wing of a bat

Question 28

An example of an Analogous structure?

Answer 28

Wings of birds / butterflies Flippers of Penguins / Dolphins