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World History I Honors > Chapter 7: Culture and Commerce > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Culture and Commerce Flashcards

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1
Q

What was one of the world’s most extensive and sustained networks of exchange

A

Silk Road

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2
Q

What did the Silk Road provide to Eurasia

A

unity and cohearance

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3
Q

What was the ecology of outer Eurasia

A

relatively warm and well watered (ex. China, Middle East, India, Mediterranean)

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4
Q

What was the ecology of inner Eurasia

A

harsher and drier climate, much of which is pastoral (eastern Russia, Central Asia)

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5
Q

What did states in the last 5 centuries B.C.E. and second wave civilizations attempt to control

A

pastoral peoples

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6
Q

What benefits did large states provide for trade networks

A

security for trade

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7
Q

What helped secure trade networks

A

large states

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8
Q

Why were luxury goods the main transport on the Silk Road

A

Because of high transport costs

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9
Q

What symbolized the Eurasian exchange system

A

silk

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10
Q

Who was first to have a monopoly on silk

A

China

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11
Q

What was used as currency in Central Asia

A

silk

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12
Q

What was known as a symbol of high status

A

silk

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13
Q

While silk road trade volume was ____, it was of economic and social importance

A

small

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14
Q

Who made market goods in China instead of crops

A

peasants in the Yangzi River delta of southern China

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15
Q

What was more important than the exchange of goods on the silk road

A

the exchange of cultures

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16
Q

How did Buddhism spread

A

through silk roads through Central and East Asia

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17
Q

Where was voluntary Buddhist conversion heavy

A

the oasis cities of Central Asia

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18
Q

Where did cities become centers of learning and commerce

A

In Central Asia

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19
Q

Where were characteristic disease patterns and ways to deal with them developed

A

In the major population centers of Afro-Eurasia

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20
Q

How did unfamiliar diseases spread

A

through long distance trade

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21
Q

How did the Black Death spread

A

the Mongol’s unification of much of Eurasia spreading diseases from far

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22
Q

Where did the Black Death kill many

A

Europe, China, the Islamic world, and the Central Asia steppes

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23
Q

What helped Europeans when they reached the Western Hemisphere after 1500

A

disease exchange

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24
Q

What was the most important sea road network until 1500

A

The Indian Ocean network

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25
Q

What was an avenue for commerce for and since the Phoenicians

A

The Mediterranean Ocean

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26
Q

What did the Mediterranean connect Europe to

A

the much greater trade in the Indian Ocean

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27
Q

Where was transportation cheaper

A

by sea

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28
Q

What made transportation of bulk goods possible

A

sea roads

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29
Q

What was discovered about wind which helped commerce by sea

A

monsoons

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30
Q

Was commerce between states or towns

A

towns

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31
Q

When did Indian Ocean trade start

A

in the age of the First Civilizations

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32
Q

What increased the tempo of sea commerce in the early centuries C.E.

A

knowledge of monsoons

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33
Q

Where was the main point of trade

A

India

34
Q

What two things encouraged Indian Ocean trade

A

the economic and political revival of China and the rise of Islam in the 7th century

35
Q

How did ocean commerce effect/transform Southeast Asia and East Africa

A

stimulation of political change and introduction of foreign religious ideas

36
Q

What did Southeast Asia do to benefit from their strategic trade location

A

opening an all sea trade route in the Straits of Malacca (Malaysia) and made ports

37
Q

What Malay kingdom emerged form competition and dominated trade from 670 to 1025 C.E.

A

Srivijaya

38
Q

What provided Srivijaya with resources to create state

A

gold, access to spices, and taxes on ships

39
Q

Where did elements of Indian culture (such as alphabets, art forms, political and religious ideas, and especially Buddhism) spread

A

Southeast Asia and the Sailendras Kingdom (in Central Java)

40
Q

Where did elements of Chinese culture spread

A

Vietnam

41
Q

Other than Buddhism what other Dharmic religion spread to Southeast Asia (especially in Champas and Angkor)

A

Hinduism

42
Q

What Abrahamic religion later penetrated Southeast Asia

A

Islam

43
Q

What civilization developed from a blend of Bantu and commercial life in the Indian Ocean (also developing Islamic beliefs)

A

the Swahili civilization (of East Africa)

44
Q

What were East African products

A

gold, ivory, quartz, leopard skins, slaves, iron, and wood products

45
Q

How did the Swahili civilization do on the East African coast

A

they flourished

46
Q

How was the Swahili civilization governed

A

the urban cities were politically independent and were individually ruled by a king

47
Q

Where did Swahili craft travel

A

along coastal waterways

48
Q

How much did Swahili civilization participate in Indian Ocean trade

A

they had deep participation

49
Q

What did Swahili language take many elements from

A

Arabic

50
Q

Who visited the Swahili civilizations mostly

A

Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants

51
Q

Where did much of the gold of East Africa come from

A

Great Zimbabwe

52
Q

What was the biggest Sea Road trade route

A

The Indian Ocean trade network

53
Q

Where did Sand Roads start

A

West Africa

54
Q

What was trans-African trade based on

A

environmental variation

55
Q

Where in Africa was there copper, salt deposits, and dates which were sold in the trans-African trade

A

in the Sahara

56
Q

During the trans-African trade what did agricultural people farther south make and sell

A

crops, textiles, and mined gold

57
Q

Where did the Swahili civilization trade other than the Indian Ocean to get goods such as gold

A

they traded with the interior parts of Africa

58
Q

Where was the earliest trade in the Sahara region

A

agricultural peoples in Sudan

59
Q

What happened to towns along the Sand Roads

A

They urbanized

60
Q

What was the most famous Sudanese urban cluster

A

Jenne-jeno

61
Q

What was a turning point in Sand Road trade for West Africa

A

camels

62
Q

What did camels allow people to do

A

it made it possible to cross the Sahara

63
Q

What did Saharan merchants especially want from West Africa

A

gold

64
Q

Other than gold what did West Africa also have that was popular among merchants

A

Ivory, kola nuts, and slaves

65
Q

What did trade encourage near the Saharan trade routes

A

new and larger political structures

66
Q

What did the new and larger political structures at the Sahara trade roads all have a reputation for

A

a reputation for great riches and a monarchal rule

67
Q

Where did most slaves in West Africa come from

A

societies which were raided farther south

68
Q

What was the main religion which spread along the Sand Roads, their civilizations, as well as the Swahili civilizations

A

Islam

69
Q

Was there interaction between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres

A

Not until the voyages of Columbus

70
Q

What were the important limitations in the Americas which didn’t allow them to have such dense trade routes as Afro-Eurasia

A

lack of domesticated animals, large oceangoing ships, wheeled vehicles, and environmental obstacles (such as the Americas being in a north/south orientation)

71
Q

What type of commerce flourished in the Americas

A

local and regional commerce

72
Q

Since the Americas didn’t have long distance trade, what did this mean for the spread of culture

A

it wasn’t spread as widely

73
Q

Where did a “loosely interactive web” exist in the Americas between civilizations

A

from the Great Lakes to the Andes

74
Q

How fast did culture spread between the Great Lakes and Andes

A

gradually

75
Q

Where were the two major trade routes of the Americas located

A

Mesoamerica and the Andes

76
Q

How was the Andes trade network run

A

it was largely state run

77
Q

Who traded in the Mesoamerican trade network

A

The Mayans, Teotihuacán, Aztecs, and Chaco canyon culture

78
Q

What are the differences between the interconnections of the modern era and the premodern networks

A

most people still produced for their own consumption, smaller range of goods exchanged, fewer wageworkers, trade was in luxury goods, circuits of commerce were more limited, and had no single center

79
Q

What is different between the world of third wave civilizations and the modern era

A

the world of third wave civilizations was more balanced and multi centered

80
Q

What was traded in the Sea Roads

A

bulk goods such as textiles, spices, wheat, sugar, etc.

81
Q
A

World History I Honors (6 decks)

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