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World History I Honors > Chapter 4: Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

In about what period was there a “great emergence of durable cultural traditions that have shaped the world ever sense”

A

500 B.C.E

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2
Q

Who were the two important figures in China

A

Confucius and Laozi (Daoism)

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3
Q

Who was an important figure in India

A

Siddhartha Gautama (set Buddhism in motion)

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4
Q

Who were the important figures in the Middle East

A

Zarathustra (Zoroaster), Muhammad, Jesus, and prophets such as Isaiah (Judaism)

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5
Q

What were Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, et al.?

A

Important Greek thinkers for rational humanism

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6
Q

What were belief systems on a “quest” for

A

a source of order and meaning in the universe and a guide for humanity

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7
Q

Why is it believed these changes in religion happened

A

major social changes such as the iron-age, emergence of new states, and more global contact

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8
Q

What was the age of warring states

A

China breaking into chaos and warring states

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9
Q

What 3 belief systems came out of the warring states

A

Legalism, Confucianism, and Daosim

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10
Q

What was the goal of the belief systems which came out during the age of warring states

A

to bring order

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11
Q

How were Zoroastrianism and Judaism different from most religions of the time

A

they believe in one god (monotheistic), idea of final judgement, and belief in the coming of a messiah

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12
Q

What similarities did Buddhism and Christianity share

A

both had main teachers who were “wisdom teachers” who challenged conventional ideas and taught compassion and morality

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13
Q

What is the collection of Confucius’ teachings called

A

the Analects

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14
Q

How does Legalism work

A

strict laws, harsh punishment

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15
Q

What does Confucianism teach

A

a hierarchy of role models for people to look up to and guides on ideal order for people

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16
Q

Confucian virtues of ideal men were in what concepts

A

wen and wu

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17
Q

What is wen (Confucianism)

A

refined qualities of rationality, scholarship, and literary and artistic abilities

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18
Q

What is wu (Confucianism)

A

physical and martial male achievements

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19
Q

What was more superior, wen or wu?

A

wen

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20
Q

Was confucianism religious?

A

No, it was secular but made religious by some

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21
Q

Who is Daoism associated with

A

Laozi

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22
Q

What was Laozi the author of

A

Daodejing

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23
Q

What was the central concept of Daoism

A

Natural Order

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24
Q

How was Daosim (in many ways) the opposite of Confucianism

A

education and striving for improvement was artificial and useless, sufficient living, and it urged withdrawal into the natural world

25
Q

What was the dao

A

the way of nature

26
Q

Who was Hinduism’s founder

A

Hinduism had no historical founder

27
Q

Hinduism developed along what

A

Indian civilization

28
Q

What is the Vedas

A

a Hindu text of poems, hymns, rituals, and prayer compiled by brahmins (Hindu preist)

29
Q

Was the Vedas oral or written

A

for a while it was transmitted orally until it was written in Sanskrit in 1500-600 B.C.E

30
Q

What was developed in response to dissatisfaction with the brahmins

A

the Upanishads (mystical, philosophical works)

31
Q

What is samsara (in Hinduism)

A

reincarnation

32
Q

What governs samsara

A

karma

33
Q

What is atman (in Hinduism)

A

the individual human soul

34
Q

What religion expressed India’ s gender system

A

Hinduism

35
Q

In what religion is sexual pleasure a legitimate goal for men and women (lol)

A

Hinudism

36
Q

What gender were most Hindu deities

A

female

37
Q

What religion did Buddhism develop side by side with

A

Hinduism

38
Q

What is Buddha’s real name

A

Siddhartha Gautama

39
Q

What made Siddhartha Gautama the Buddha

A

his “enlightenment”

40
Q

What is the central Buddhist teaching

A

life is suffering

41
Q

What is the goal of Buddhism

A

to reach enlightenment, nirvana

42
Q

What did Buddhism have large elements of

A

Hindu teaching

43
Q

What are some elements that Hinduism and Buddhism have in commonl

A

life as an illusion, karma, rebirth, meditation, and hope for release from the cycle of rebirth

44
Q

In India, who did Buddhism appeal to

A

lower castes (classes) and women

45
Q

Where did the notion of a single supreme Deity develop

A

Zoroastrianism nad Judaism

46
Q

Who is the god of Zoroastrianism

A

Azura Mazda

47
Q

Who is the source of evil in Zoroastrianism

A

Angra Mainyu

48
Q

What do Zoroastrians believe will happen on judgement day

A

restoration of the world to purity and peace

49
Q

What caused the final decline of Zoroastrianism in Persia

A

arrival of Islam

50
Q

Where did Judaism develop

A

among the Hebrews

51
Q

What do the Jews believe is a covenant

A

a relationship with Yahweh (God)

52
Q

What did Judaism provide a foundation for

A

Christianity and Islam

53
Q

What was the Greek way of knowing

A

constant questioning and rational thinking

54
Q

What were the differences between Buddhism and Christianity

A

Siddhartha Gautama grew up royal while Jesus came from a poor family, Jesus’ teachings were less political, Jesus was active for only ~3 years, and Jesus was executed unlike Buddha. and Christianity was Monotheistic

55
Q

How did the Roman Empire use Christianity

A

like a “social glue”

56
Q

After the Roman Empire turned monotheistic did it return to it’s older polytheism

A

no

57
Q

What did Buddhists clash over

A

interpretation of the Buddha’s teachings

58
Q

What are the Upanishads

A

mystical, philosophical works which probe the inner meaning of Vedic rituals

World History I Honors (6 decks)

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