Chapter 7 - Cranial Bones Flashcards
What does the frontal bone form?
. The forehead
. Roofs of the orbits
. Most of the anterior cranial floor.
What are the cranial bones?
. Frontal . 2 parietal . 2 temporal . Occipital . Sphenoid . Ethmoid.
What do the 2 parietal bones form?
. Most of the cranial roof
. Sides of the cranial cavity
What do the 2 temporal bones form?
. Lower lateral sides of skull
. Part of cranial floor
What are the temporal bones?
. Zygomatic process - joint with cheek bone
. Mandibular fossa - joint with lower jaw bone
. External auditory meatus - ear canals
. Mastoid process - point of attachment for muscles
. Styloid process - point of attachment for muscle
What does the occipital bone form and what are the landmarks?
The occipital bone forms the posterior skull surface and most of the base of the skull.
The landmarks are:
. Occipital condyles - connect to spine
. Foremen magnum - open, allowing medulla oblongata to connect with spinal cord
What does the sphenoid bone form?
. Keystone bone of the cranial floor
. Forms part of orbits
. Forms part of nasal cavity
*Has a unique saddle shape
What are the Major landmarks of the sphenoid bone?
Greater and lesser wings - cranial floor
What is the Optic foramen?
The opening for nerves leaving the brain on the sphenoid bone.
What is the superior orbital fissure?
The opening for the nerves leading to the eyes on the sphenoid bone.
What is the pterygoid process?
The attachment site for muscles that move the mandible (part of sphenoid bone)
Where is the ethmoid bone?
. Ethmoid bone is medial to the eyes
What does the ethmoid bone form?
. Olfactory foramina: opening for smell sensations
. Christa galli: point of attachment for membranes separating two sides of the brain
. Superior and middle nasal concha: designed to increase mucus surface area
What are the 8 different types of facial bones?
. 2 nasal . 2 maxillae . 2 zygomatic . 2 lacrimal . 2 palatine . 2 inferior nasal conchae . vomer . Mandible
What does the nasal form?
Top part of the nose
What does the Maxillae form?
Forms the upper jaw
What does the zygomatic form?
Forms the cheek bones
What does the lacrimal form?
These are the smallest face bones located near the tear ducts forming part of the orbits.
What does the palatine form?
Form part if the hard palate, nasal cavity and orbits
What does the inferior nasal concha form?
Forms the lower lateral walls of the nasal cavity
What does the vomer form?
Floor of the nasal cavity and lower portion of the nasal septum
What is the mandible and what are its major landmarks?
The lower jaw bone and only moveable bone of the skull.
Major landmarks:
. Body
. Ramus: perpendicular arches
. Condylar process: joins mandible with temporal bone
. Coronado process: area for muscle attachment
. alveoli: sockets for the teeth
What are the 5 unique features of the skull?
. Nasal septum . Orbits . Paranasal sinuses . Sutures . Fontanels
What are the 4 pars nasal sinuses and why the cavities important in voice?
. Frontal sinus
. Ethmoidal sinus
. Sphenoidal sinus
. Maxillary sinus
When excess mucus blocks the cavities (resonating chambers) your voice is altered.
What are the 4 sutures and what do they unite on the skull?
. Coronal suture: unites frontal bones and parietal bones
. Sagittal suture: unites parietal bones on superior midline
. Lambdoid suture: unites parietal bones to occipital bone
. Squamous suture: unites parietal and temporal bones on the lateral sides of the skull
What are the 4 prominent fontanels and why are they special?
. Anterior fontanel
. Posterior fontanel
. Anteriorlateral fontanels
. Posteriorlateral fontanels
These are only I’m infant and child skulls before they fuse to become sutures
What does the hyoid bones do and why is it unique?
. Hyoid bone supports the tongue pharynx and larynx muscles
. The greater and lesser horns of the bone Andre muscle attachment sites
The hyoid is unique as it does NOT ARTICULATE with ANY other bone
What are the axial bones in skeleton
. Skull: cranial and facial bones . Hyoid bone . Auditory ossicles . Vertebral column . Thorax: sternum and ribs
What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton and point to them!
. Pectoral girdles: scapula and clavicle
. Upper limbs: humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
. Pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, pubis
. Lower limbs: femur, patella, fibula. Tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
What are the 5 sections and how many bones are they comprised of in the vertebral column?
. 7 cervical . 12 thoracic . 5 lumbar . 1 sacrum . 1 coccyx
(26 bones)
