Chapter 1 - Human Body Systems Flashcards
Pluripotent stem cell
Most primitive blood cell
6 levels of structural organisation
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- System level
- Organism level
Components of and what is integumentary system
Skin
What is the skeletal system?
Entire skeletal structure
What is the muscular system
Muscles
What is the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs
Whatnot the endocrine system
Hormone producing glands and cells
Ie. pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries and testes
What’s the Cardiovascular system
Blood, heart and blood vessels
What is the lymphatic system
Lymphatic fluid and vessels
Includes, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils
What’s the respiratory system
Lungs and air passageways ie. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes
What’s the digestive system
Organs of the gastrointestinal tract - mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus
& accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
What’s the urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What’s the reproductive system (male and female)
Gonads (testes in male/ ovaries in female)
&associated organs female: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Associated organs male: epididymis, ductus deferens, penis
Metabolism
All chemical processes of life
Responsiveness
Living systems detect and respond to environmental changes
Movement
Cells, organs, bodies move
Growth
Cells, organs, bodies
Differentiation
Process of cellular specialisation.
Reproduction
Cells making copies of themselves
What is homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively constant conditions in body
What must be kept under homeostasis
Blood pressure, blood glucose, core body temperature, blood ph
Intracellular fluid is
The fluid inside our cells
Extracellular fluid is
All body fluids except those inside our cells & can be subsidised to location
Where is interstitial flud
Fluid between cells in tissues
Where is plasma
Fluid component of blood
Where is lymph
Fluid In lymphatic cells
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid in the CNS
Where is synovial fluid
Fluid within most joints
The cycle of homeostasis
Fluctuation above or below set point are a STIMULUS and detected by a SENSOR to trigger a RESPONSE turning variable to set point
What are the two feedback systems
Positive and negative
How does the negative feedback system work
Stabilises changing external and internal conditions. Systems are an opposite response to the initial change and self-limiting
How does the positive feedback system work
Only for specific situations when a very rapid strong effect desired. An outside event must break the positive feedback cycle
Three components of negative feedback system
Receptors- detects changes in controlled conditions
Control Centre- decides the type and amount of response required Effector- reacts to signals from the control Centre and produces the required response
Negative feedback steps for blood pressure regulation
Baroreceptors- the text changes in blood pressure and communicates with the brain
The brain- interprets information and send signals to the heart and blood vessels
Heart and blood vessels- alter their activities based on signals from the brain
What is Lateral
Side on
What is medial
Front on
What is superior
Above something
What is inferior
Below something
What is proximal
Closer to something
What Is distal
Further away from something
Explain transverse plane
Horizontally through something
Explain midsagittal plane
Directly through the front of something
Explain parasagittal plane
Directly through something but not the midsagittal plane
Explain the frontal plane
The front of something face on
Explain oblique plane
Diagonally through something
What are the major internal body cavities
Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic)
What forums the cranial cavity and vertebral canal
Formed by cranial bones contains brain
formed by vertebral column contains spinal-cord and beginnings of spinal nerves
What form thoracic cavity
Chest cavity: contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
What makes the abdominopelvic cavity
The abdominal and pelvic cavity
What is this serous membrane
Double walled tissue membranes surround many internal organs and line the body cavities in which the Organs are located.
Ie. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
