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Rad Bio > Chapter 7 Continued > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Continued Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens if the master key gets hit?

A

It will die

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2
Q

True or false
there is a master key in every cell

A

true

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3
Q

Cell death without attempting to divide

A

Apoptosis (interphase death) or programmed cell death

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4
Q

Dies often one or more divisions

A

Mitotic or genetic ,death

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5
Q

Exposure as little as 0.1 gray just before not dividing on time

A

mitotic delay

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6
Q

temporary or repairing enzymes helping

A

interference with function

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7
Q

What has less dose than apoptosis

A

mitotic death

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8
Q

if there is a shoulder in the graph what does this mean?

A

can be repaired

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9
Q

if there is no shoulder in the graph what does this mean

A

cell death

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10
Q

-Radiation therapy
-dosage over time
-break into several equal parts (period of recovering)

A

Fractionation

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11
Q

(pulse in fluoro)
Small increments
-continuously amount of fluoro over time

A

protraction

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12
Q

is this lethal or survival
12 gray in 3 minutes

A

lethal

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13
Q

is this lethal or survival
12 gray over a couple of days

A

survival

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14
Q

Are white blood cells or nerve cells more sensitive?

A

white blood cells are more sensitive than nerve cells

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15
Q

Ionizing radiation adversely affects blood cells by depressing the number of active cells in the peripheral circulation. A whole-body dose of 0.25 Gyt delivered within a few days produces a measurable:

A

Hematologic Depression

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16
Q

Most blood cells are manufactured in the bone marrow. Radiation causes a decrease in the number of immature blood cells (stem or precursor) produced in the bone marrow and hence a reduction, ultimately, in the number of mature blood cells in the bloodstream. The higher the radiation dose received by the bone marrow, the higher will be the resulting cell depletion.

A

Depletion of immature blood cells

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17
Q

if the bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation, they can repopulate after a period of recovery. The time necessary for recovery depends on the magnitude of the radiation dose received. If a relatively low dose (less than 1 Gyt) of radiation is received, bone marrow repopulation occurs within weeks after irradiation.

A

Repopulation after a period of recovery

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18
Q

blood forming center

A

Effects on stem cells of the hematopoietic system

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19
Q

Humans who receive whole-body doses above 5 Gyt may die within 30 to 60 days because of effects related to initial depletion of the stem cells of the hematopoietic system.

A

Whole-body doses in excess of 5 Gy

20
Q

if there is an increase dose what happens to cell depletion and biological damage

A

both increased

21
Q

true or false
bone marrow can repopulate if it wasnt destroyed
higher the dose the longer it takes to repopulate (to heal)

A

true

22
Q

main form of oxygen throughout the body and help fight off infection

A

white blood cells

23
Q

A dose of radiation higher than 0.5 Gyt lessens the number of platelets in the circulating blood, A dose of radiation in the range of 1 to 10 Gyt, will significantly deplete these cells, and it will take approximately 2 months for them to repopulate. During this period wound clotting will be highly compromised.

A

effects of ionizing radiation on thrombocytes

24
Q

When significant numbers of lymphocytes are functionally damaged by radiation exposure, the body loses its natural ability to combat infection and becomes very susceptible to bacterial and viral antigens.

A

Effects of ionizing radiation on lymphocytes.

25
Q

A whole-body dose of 0.5 Gyt of ionizing radiation will noticeably reduce the number of neutrophils present in the circulating blood, causing a person to be susceptible to infection.

A

Effects of ionizing radiation on neutrophils.

26
Q

lines and covers body tissue. The cells of these tissues lie close together, with few or no substances between them.

A

epithelial tissue

27
Q

contains fibers that affect the movement of an organ or part of the body. Since muscle tissue cells are highly specialized and do not divide, they are relatively insensitive to radiation.

A

muscle tissue

28
Q

without medical treatment what is the lethal dose for humans

A

3.0 to 4.0 grays

29
Q

what dose starts depleting white blood cells (lymphocytes)

A

0.25

30
Q

what is the normal white blood cell count of an adult range

A

5000 to 10,000

31
Q

inability to clot

A

hemophilic

32
Q

how much of a dose will make you have less thrombocytes

A

.15 gray

33
Q

what is the occupational dose annually

A

50 sieverts

34
Q

if wearing your radiation badge a form of protection

A

no

35
Q

covers your body tissue and highly sensitive to radiation

A

epithelial tissues

36
Q

no oxygen they do not die

A

muscle tissue

37
Q

does not divide , they are mature , no oxygen
embryo more sensitive than human nerve tissue

A

nervous tissue

38
Q

are men or women more sensitive to radiation

A

women

39
Q

is younger sperm or older ovaries more sensitive

A

younger sperm

40
Q

true or false
immature ova are more sensitive

A

true

41
Q

what dose cause temporary sterility

A

2-3 gray

42
Q

what dose causes more permanent sterility

A

5 to 6 gray

43
Q

what is the most sensitive in your GI tract

A

small intestine

44
Q

what dose will reduce the number of neutrophils present in the circulating blood, causing a person to be susceptible to infection.

A

A whole-body dose of 0.5 Gyt

45
Q

what does it mean if its more immature

A

more sensitive

46
Q

what does it mean if its more mature

A

less sensitive

47
Q
A

Rad Bio (8 decks)

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