Chapter 2- Radiation Types , sources, and doses received Flashcards
Two types of sources of radiation
natural and human made
Which source is always present in the environment
Natural
Which source is created by humans for specific purposes
Human made
The ability to do work—that is, to move an object against resistance.
energy
What is ionization
Removal of electron
refers to energy that passes from one location to another and can have many manifestations.
Radiation
what has no mass but does have energy
photons
Types of radiation
Mechanical vibration- ultrasound
electromagnetic wave- radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light ultraviolet, xrays, gamma rays
he full range of frequencies* and wavelengths* of electromagnetic waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their:
Frequency
Wavelength
This form of radiation can travel through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy.
Dual nature of electromagnetic radiation (wave-particle duality)
name examples of ionizing radiation:
- X-rays
- Gamma rays
- Ultraviolet radiation with an energy greater than 10 eV
examples of non-ionizing radiation
- Ultraviolet radiation with energy less than 10 eV
- Visible light
- Infrared rays
- Microwaves
- Radio waves
examples of particulate radiation (another form of ionizing radiation)
- Alpha particles
- Beta particles
- Neutrons
- Protons
(x-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy ultraviolet radiation [energy higher than 10 eV]) can transfer sufficient energy to some orbital electrons to remove them from the atoms to which they were attached (the process of ionization, the foundation of the interaction of x-rays with human tissue).
Ionizing Radiation
(ultraviolet radiation [energy less than 10 eV], visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves) does not have sufficient kinetic energy to eject electrons from atoms.
Nonionizing Radiation
Conversion of atoms to ions
Makes tissues valuable for creating images
Has the undesirable result of potentially producing some damage in the biologic material
ionization
The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of :
Radiation Dose
Form of radiation that includes alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons.
Particulate Radiation
Form of radiation that includes alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons.
All these are subatomic particles that are ejected from atoms at very high speeds.
They possess sufficient kinetic energy to be capable of causing ionization by direct atomic collision.
No ionization occurs when the subatomic particles are at rest.
Particulate Radiation
which particles are less penetrating
Alpha particles are less penetrating than beta particles (fast electrons).
The amount of radiation received by a patient from diagnostic x-ray procedures may be indicated in terms of the following
Entrance skin exposure (ESE), which includes skin and glandular dose
Bone marrow dose
Gonadal dose