Chapter 7: Balance Training Concepts Flashcards
Kinesthesia
The conscious awareness of joint movement and joint position sense that results from proprioceptive input sent to the CNS.
Mechanoreceptors
specialized neural receptors embedded in connective tissue that convert mechanical distortions of the tissue into neural codes to be conveyed to the CNS.
Ruffini afferents
Joint receptors that are mechanically sensitive to tissue stresses that are activated during extremes of extension and rotation.
Paciniform afferents
Large, cylindrical, thinly encapsulated, multi-cellular end organ structures mechanically sensitive to local compression and tensile loading, especially at extreme ranges of motion.
Golgi afferents
High-threshold, slow- adapting sensory receptors in ligaments and menisci that are mechanically sensitive to tensile loads and are most sensitive at the end ranges of motion.
Nocioceptors
Small-diameter afferents located primarily in articular tissue and sensitive to mechanical deformation and pain.
Dynamic joint stabilization
Refers to the ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement.
Multi-sensory condition
Refers to a training environment that provides heightened stimulation to the proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Controlled instability
Refers to a training environment that is as unstable as can be SAFELY controlled for an individual.
Balance-stabilization exercises
Balance exercises
that involved little
joint motion of the balance leg.
Balance-strength
exercises
Balance exercises involving eccentric and concentric movement of the balancing leg through a full range of motion.
Balance-power
Balance exercises performed by hopping from one foot to another or performing hopping movements on the same foot.
