Chapter 4: Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow full range of motion of a joint and optimum neuromuscular efficiency throughout all functional movements.

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2
Q

Cumulative injury

cycle

A

A cycle whereby an “injury” will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances.

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3
Q

Altered reciprocal

inhibition

A

The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist.

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4
Q

Synergistic

dominance

A

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.

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5
Q

Arthrokinetic

dysfunction

A

The biomechanical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement (arthrokinematics) and proprioception.

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6
Q

All-or-none principle

A

When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, the entire fiber contracts completely.

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7
Q

Endomysium

A

The innermost fascial layer that encases individual muscle fibers.

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

The sheath that binds groups of muscle fibers into fasciculi.

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9
Q

Epimysium

A

The outermost layer of a muscle fiber.

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10
Q

Atrophy

A

The loss in muscle fiber size.

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11
Q

Sarcopenia

A

A decrease in muscle fiber numbers.

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12
Q

Integrated Flexibility Continuum

A

The full range of flexibility—corrective, active, and functional flexibility—that must be addressed to counteract muscle atrophy and other physical changes due to aging, immobilization,
or injury.

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13
Q

Elasticity

A

The spring-like behavior of connective tissue that enables the tissue to return to its original shape or size when forces are removed.

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14
Q

Elastic limit

A

The smallest value of stress required to produce permanent strain in the tissue.

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15
Q

Plasticity

A

The residual or permanent change in connective tissue length due to tissue elongation.

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16
Q

Viscoelasticity

A

The fluid-like property

of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed.

17
Q

Davis’s Law

A

The observation that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.

18
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

The observation that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is
placed.

19
Q

Recruitment

A

An impulse transmitted simultaneously over an increasing number of nerve fibers pulling in increasingly more muscle fibers for the task.

20
Q

Golgi tendon

organs (GTO)

A

Mechanoreceptors located within the musculotendinous junction that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change.

21
Q

Muscle spindles

A

The major sensory organs of the muscle sensitive to change in length and rate of length change.

22
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

The inhibitory action to muscle spindles located within the agonist muscle by prolonged GTO stimulation.

23
Q

Joint receptors

A

Receptors in the joints that signal joint position, movement, and pressure changes.

24
Q

Myotatic stretch

reflex

A

A motor response in the spinal cord that results when a muscle is stretched very quickly; the muscle spindle contracts, which in turn stimulates the primary afferent fibers, causing the extrafusal fibers to fire, whereby tension increases in the muscle.

25
Q

Corrective

flexibility

A

Stretching techniques designed to correct common postural dysfunctions, muscle imbalances, and joint dysfunctions.

26
Q

Active flexibility

A

Stretching techniques designed to improve soft-tissue extensibility
in all planes of motion by employing the neurophysiological principle of reciprocal inhibition.

27
Q

Functional

flexibility

A

Stretching techniques designed to improve multiplanar soft tissue extensibility and provide optimum neuromuscular control throughout that full range of motion, while performing functional movements that use the body’s muscles to control the speed, direction, and intensity of the stretch.

28
Q

SMR

A

self-myofascial release

29
Q

NMS

A

neuromuscular stretching

30
Q

Self-myofascial

release

A

A flexibility technique that focuses on the neural and fascial systems in the body.

31
Q

Static Stretching

A

Static stretching combines low-force and long-duration movements.

32
Q

Neuromuscular Stretching

A

NMS is based on influencing the neurophysiological mechanisms of autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition.

33
Q

Dynamic stretching

A

Use of a muscle’s own force production and momentum to take a joint through the full available range of motion.