Chapter 7: Audition and Smell

Question 1

Cycles per Second

Answer 1

Hertz (Hz)

Question 2

Pinna

Answer 2

earlobes, designed to funnel in the sounds into the external auditory canal

Question 3

External auditory canal

Answer 3

leads to middle ear

Question 4

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 4

thin piece of transparent tissue in between outer ear and inner ear; when ear molecules vibrate, they vibrate the eardrum

Question 5

Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup

Answer 5

3 small bones connected by ligaments, vibrate to help sound travel

Question 6

Oval Window

Answer 6

stirrup pushes against this, makes sweeping motion to push sound and move liquid in cochlea

Question 7

round window

Answer 7

found next to oval window, similar function

Question 8

cochlea

Answer 8

inner ear, fluid filler cavity where hearing actually occurs

Question 9

Endolymph

Answer 9

fluid in middle chamber of cochlea

Question 10

Perilymph

Answer 10

in outside chamber, filters of blood similar to water

Question 11

Basilar membrane

Answer 11

is flexible to move up and down, stimulates hair cells

Question 12

Tectorial Membrane

Answer 12

is rigid, doesnt move

Question 13

Hair cells

Answer 13

auditory receptor cells

Question 14

Inner hair cells

Answer 14

receive stimulation, move up and down by moving basilar membrane

Question 15

Frequency theory

Answer 15

basilar membrane vibrates in conjunction to frequency of sound and action potentials are produced at the same rate of the vibration

Question 16

Limitation of Frequency Theory

Answer 16

Refractory period limits maximum rate that an auditory nerve axon can produce action potentials

Question 17

Original Place Theory

Answer 17

proposed that small portions of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to SPECIFIC frequencies

Question 18

Traveling Wave Theory

Answer 18

An extention of place theory; difference frequencies cause different types of traveling waves in the chambers of the cochlea that maximally displace the basilar membrane at different regions