Chapter 7 and 6

Question 1

What is phrenology?

Answer 1

The study of the shape of the head to determine Anatomical correlates of human behaviour

Question 2

Theory of Atovism

Answer 2

Criminals are physiological throw backs earlier stages of human evolution (Cesare Lombroso)

Question 3

XXY Chromosomal Structure

Answer 3

-“Super male”
- taller than average
- acne plus other skin disorders
-below average intelligence
-over represented in prison plus mental hospitals
-family with above avg history of crime or mental illness

Question 4

What is somatotyping?

Answer 4

The classification of human beings into types according to body build and other physical Characteristics

Question 5

Studies of monozygotic twins

Answer 5

• Johannes Lange (1920) found that 10/13 of the mz twins were both criminals whereas 2/17 dz thing had that similarity
  -Karl o Christiansen Plus Sarnoff mednick(1968) found stats using twins supporting criminal behaviour is inherited
  52% mz and 22% dz
• these stats stayed the same even if the twins were raised differently

Question 6

What is a human genome?

Answer 6

A complete copy of the entire set of human gene instructions

Question 7

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 7

A medical condition characterized by low blood pressure

Question 8

Crime + hypoglycemia

Answer 8

1943 study on chemical imbalances in the body as a course of crime
- low blood pressure was said to reduce the brains capacity

Question 9

Different types of Morphins (somatotypes)

Answer 9

• Endomorph: overweight
  -mesomorph: athletic - muscular
  -ectomorph: thin plus fragile
• balanced type: average build

Question 10

Percentage of homicide menus women

Answer 10

America: 96% men, 4% women
Asia: 95% men, 5% women
Europe: 92% men, 8% women
Global: 95% men, 5% women

Question 11

Studies of Cesare lombroso

Answer 11

-created the term Atovism
- suggested that crime was a result of primitive urges that survived evolution
-

Question 12

What is tribalism?

Answer 12

Attitudes and behaviour that result from strong feelings of identification with one’s own social group

Question 13

What is positivism

Answer 13

The application of scientific techniques to the study of crime plus criminals

Question 14

Positivism theory

Answer 14

• Valid knowledge is only acquired through observation
  -reality consists of clearly defined fasts that can be measured scientifically and hopefully controlled

Question 15

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 15

A form of psychiatric treatment based on psychoanalytical principals plus techniques

Question 16

What is modelling theory?

Answer 16

Suggest that we learn how to behave by observing others

Question 17

What is psychopathy?

Answer 17

Personality disorder characterized by anti-social behaviour and a failure to feel remorse or guilt

Question 18

What is psychopathology?

Answer 18

Refers to any soft of psychological disorder that causes distress either for the individual or those in the individuals life
Examples: depression, schizophrenia,ADHD, alcoholism,bulimia

Question 19

What is neurosis?

Answer 19

A functional disorder of the mind or of the emotions involving anxiety,phobia,or other abnormal behaviour

Question 20

What is sublimation?

Answer 20

The psychological process whereby one aspect of consciousness comes to be symbolically substituted for another

Question 21

What is alloplostic adaptation?

Answer 21

A form of adjustment that results from changes in the environment surrounding the individual

Question 22

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 22

The theory of human psychology founded by sigmund friend based on the concepts of the unconscious, resistance,repression,sexuality,and the Oedipus complex

Question 23

Studies of Freud and the motivations of someone to commit murder

Answer 23

-from the Freudian perspective, everyone carries the prerequisite motivation for criminal behaviour in the ld
- The ld is a widely unconscious part of the mind and operates to gain pleasure but is also for our instincts and drives
- Love, Agression, and sex are fundamental drives to the personality

Question 24

What happens to people who are found ncrmd?

Answer 24

1. Detention in hospital
   2.conditional discharge
   3.absolute discharge