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EMT Flashcarss > Chapter 7- Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

structure of the body and relationship of parts to each other. How it’s made

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Function of the living body and its parts. How they work

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3
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up on back

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4
Q

Prone

A

Laying face down on his stomach

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5
Q

Lateral recumbent position

A

Lying on his left or right side.

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6
Q

Fowler’s position

A

Patient is lying on his back with his upper body elevated at a 45* angle.

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7
Q

Semi- Fowler’s position

A

The patient is lying on his back with the upper body elevated less than 45*

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8
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Lying on his back with his legs higher than the head, and body on an inclined plane

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9
Q

Shock position

A

Alternative to the trendelenburg, but feet and legs are elevated 12 inches

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10
Q

Anatomical

Planes

A

Imaginary divisions of the body.

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11
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Median plane, vertical plane that runs length wise and divides the body into right and left segments.

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12
Q

Frontal plane or coronal plane.

A

Divides the body into front and back halves.

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13
Q

Transverse plane or horizontal plane.

A

Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves.

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14
Q

Midline

A

Visualize the patient is facing you

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15
Q

Midaxillary line

A

Standing in profile, now draw a line vertically from the middle of the patients armpit down to the ankle

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16
Q

Anterior

A

The patients front

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17
Q

Posterior

A

The patients back

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18
Q

Transverse line

A

Normal anatomical position. Now draw a line through the patients waist

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19
Q

Superior plane

A

Above the waist

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20
Q

Inferior plane

A

Below the waist

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21
Q

Anterior / posterior

A

Towards the front, and towards the back.

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22
Q

Superior and inferior

A

Towards the head, towards the feet

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23
Q

Dorsal and ventral

A

Dorsal - towards the back or back bone

Ventral - towards the belly or abdomen

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24
Q

Medial and lateral

A

Medial means towards the middle of the body
Lateral is towards the left or the right.
Bilateral is both sides of the body.

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25
Q

Proximal and distal

A

Proximal - close to point of reference

Distal - far from point of reference

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26
Q

Right and left

A

Always the patients right and left.

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27
Q

Midclavicular and midaxillary

A

Midclavicular - center of each collar bones

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28
Q

Plantar and palmar

A

Planter, soul of the foot

Palmar - palm of the hand.

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29
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects the bones

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30
Q

Tendons

A

Connect the muscles too the bones

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31
Q

Skull

A

Top of the spinal cord, houses and protects the brain

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32
Q

Cranium

A

Forms the top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead.

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33
Q

Face

A

14 bones, 13 are immovable.

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34
Q

Nasal bones, maxillae, zygomatic bones, mandible.

A

Nasal bones, bed of the nose
Maxillae, fused bones of the upper jaw
Zygomatic bones, cheek bones
Mandible, lower jaw.

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35
Q

Spinal

Colin or vertebrae column

A

Principle support of the body. Ribs originate from it to from the thoracic cavity.

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36
Q

Vertebrae

A

Great deal of mobility, is made up of irregularly shaped blocks of bones called vertebrae.

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37
Q

Cervical spine

A

The first seven vertebrae from the cervical spine, which is the most prone to injury

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38
Q

Thoracic spine

A

The 12 are directly inferior to the cervical spine form the upper back. 12 pairs of ribs are attached to the spine posterior kt and hell support vertebrae

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39
Q

Lumbar spine

A

The next 5 vertebrae form lower back, they are the least mobile

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40
Q

Coccyx

A

Last 4 vertebrae, fused and do not have the protrusions characteristics of other vertebrae

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41
Q

Thorax

A

Or chest is composed or the ribs.

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42
Q

Manubrium

A

Flat narrow bone in the middle of the anterior chest, the clavicle is attached to the superior portion of the sternum

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43
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The inferior portion of the sternum

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44
Q

Pelvis

A

Is a doughnut shaped structure that consists of several bones. At each side of the pelvis is an iliac crest. Or the wings of the pelvis

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45
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior abs inferior portion of the pelvis. And the ischium is the posterior and inferior portion.

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46
Q

Extremities

A

Arms and legs

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47
Q

Acetabulum

A

Joint that is made up of the pelvic socket

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48
Q

Patella

A

Knee joint is protected and stabilized by this

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49
Q

Fibula and fibula

A

Bones of the lower leg

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50
Q

Medial malleolus

A

The smaller end of the tibia forms this of the ankle

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51
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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52
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones on each foot forms the toes.

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53
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone

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54
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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55
Q

Acromion

A

Clavicle and scapula form a girdle, the tip of which is called this.

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56
Q

Humerus

A

Largest bone in the upper extremity.

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57
Q

Radius

A

Lateral bone of the forearm

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58
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm

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59
Q

Olecranon

A

Part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow.

60
Q

Flexion

A

Bending towards the body

61
Q

Extension

A

Straightening the body

62
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline

63
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

64
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of the 4 proceeding motions as is possible with the shoulder joint conical movement, or movement through 360*

65
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back

66
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearms so the palm of the hand is facing the front

67
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Permits the widest range of motion. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

68
Q

Hinged joint

A

Permit flex at ion and extension,

69
Q

Pivot point

A

Allows for a turning motion, includes, the joints between the neck at the first and second cervical vertebrae and those in the wrist

70
Q

Gliding point

A

Bones slides across another, to the point where surrounding structures restrict the motion

71
Q

Saddle

Point

A

Permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes.

72
Q

Condlyoid joint

A

Modified ball and socket joint that permits limited motion in two directions

73
Q

Skeletal muscle or voluntary muscle

A

Can be contracted and relax as but will of the individual

74
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Made of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body through rhythmic wavelike movements

75
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Found only in walls of heart. Special kind of involuntary muscle particularly suited for the work of the heart. Property of automaticity

76
Q

Respiration

A

Refers to the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes in and out of the Aveoli and cells.

77
Q

Oxygenation

A

Oxygen molecules move across membranes from an area of high oxygen concentrate to a area of low.

78
Q

Ventilation

A

Based on changes In pressure inside the chest that cause air flow into or out of the lungs.

79
Q

Upper airway

A

Nares
Mouth and oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

80
Q

Lower airway

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

81
Q

Conchae

A

The nasal cavity extends from the nares t to the distal end

82
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Is the first and the most superior part of the pharynx it extends from the posterior distal ends of the Conchae and the nasal cavity to the soft palate

83
Q

Oropharynx

A

Is the middle part of the pharynx, is located behind the soft palate and extends down to the epiglottis

84
Q

Laryngopharnx

A

Is the portion of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone at the base of the tongue to the openings of the esophagus

85
Q

Larynx

A

Makes up the anterior portion of the throat and extends from the laryngopharynx to the trachea

86
Q

Epiglottis

A

Is a flexible cartilage attached to the thyroid cartilage and extend superiorly toward the tongue to form a flap

87
Q

Aspiration

A

If liquid blood vomit or another substance is in the mouth or nasal cavity of an unresponsive patient or one with a severely altered mental status it may be able to move past the epiglottis into the larynx trachea and aveoli

88
Q

Trachea

A

Commonly referred to as the wind pipe is attached to the distal end of the larynx and a sense down word about the level of the fifth thoracic vertebrae

89
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

The posterior wall of the trachea has no cartilage and is made up of flexible ligament tissue and smooth muscle called his.

90
Q

Bronchi

A

The distal portion of the trachea branches into two main tubes or bronchi one branching off to each lung.

91
Q

Surfactant

A

Thin layer of fluid lining the AV Oli that contains that and protein molecules called this

92
Q

Lungs

A

The principal organs of respiration or the lungs to large lobed organs that house thousands of tiny alveolar sacks responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

93
Q

Visceral pleura

A

A thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs

94
Q

Parietal pleura

A

A layer of thick more elastic tissue that covers the internal chest wall

95
Q

Pleural cavity

A

A tiny space with a negative pressure that allows the lungs to stay inflated with air

96
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

During insulation the diaphragm in this contracts increasing the size of the thoracic cavity

97
Q

Heart

A

A highly efficient pump is a chambered muscular organ that lies within the chest in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs

98
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers called this receive blood from the veins

99
Q

Ventricles

A

These pump blood out of the arteries

100
Q

Valves

A

Between the chambers of the heart keep the blood flowing in one direction and prevent the backflow of blood

101
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

102
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

103
Q

Mitral valve

A

Also known as the bicuspid valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

104
Q

Aortic valve

A

At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle

105
Q

Artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart

106
Q

Aorta

A

The major artery from the heart the aorta lies in front of the spine and passes through the thoracic and abdominal cavities

107
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The coronary arteries are the vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

108
Q

Carotid arteries

A

The carotid arteries supply the brain and head with blood

109
Q

Femoral arteries

A

The femoral artery is the major artery of the Tyanne and supplies the groin and legs with blood

110
Q

Dorsal is pedis arteries

A

Pulsations of the dorsalis pedis and artery in the foot can be felt on the top of the surface of the foot on the big toe side

111
Q

Brachial arteries

A

The brachial artery is the major artery of the upper arm as potations can be felt at the front of the elbow and on the medial are midway between the shoulder and the elbow

112
Q

Radial arteries

A

The radio artery is the major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint

113
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

The pulmonary arteries which originate at the right ventricle of the heart to carry oxygen depleted blood to the lungs where the blood is oxygenated and return to the heart for circulation throughout the body

114
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel that contains an arteriole to a venule, has walls that allow for exchange of gases and nutrients and waste at the cellular level

115
Q

The venules

A

The smallest branch of the veins of venule is connected to the distal ends of the capillaries

116
Q

Vein

A

Carries blood back to the heart

117
Q

Venae cavae

A

Carry oxygen depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs

118
Q

The pulmonary veins

A

Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

119
Q

Red blood cells

A

The red cells give the blood its color carry oxygen to the body cells and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells

120
Q

White blood cells

A

The white cells are part of the body‘s immune system and help to defend against infection

121
Q

Platelets

A

Other clotting factors Platetels and other clotting factors are essential to the formation of blood clots necessary to stop bleeding

122
Q

Plasma

A

Is the liquid part of the blood which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues

123
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Is exerted against the walls of the arteries when left ventricle contracts

124
Q

Distolic blood pressure

A

Is exerted against the walls of the arteries when they left ventricle is that rest or between contractions

125
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Is the force exerted on the inside of the vessel walls because of the blood pressure and volume

126
Q

Edema

A

Swelling occurring in tissues

127
Q

Perfusion

A

Is the delivery of oxygen glucose and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems in the illumination of carbon dioxide and other waste products that result from cost in adequate current circulation of blood through the capillaries

128
Q

Hypo perfusion

A

Is the insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body cells in the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste that result from inadequate adequate circulation of blood

129
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

The carbon dioxide is transported away from the cell and one of the most methods previously discussed and blown off by the lungs

130
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

The process of metabolizing in glucose without producing much energy

131
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body

132
Q

Central nervous system

A

Contains the brain which is located in the cranium in the spinal cord which is located in the spinal column

133
Q

Cerebrum

A

The outer most portion of the brain the cerebrum occupies nearly all the cranial cavity

134
Q

Cerebellum

A

Also called the small brain is the posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium

135
Q

Brainstem

A

Contains the mesencephalon the pons. And the medulla oblongata

136
Q

The peripheral nervous system

A

Is composed of the nerves located outside the spinal cord and brain

137
Q

Endocrine system

A

Is made up of Douglas glands the bodies regulators secretions form these glands are called hormones chemical substances that have affects on the activity of certain organs

138
Q

Integumentary system

A

All of the various tissues and organs and systems that make up the human body are separated from outside the environment by the skin which is also known as the integumentary system

139
Q

Epidermis

A

Or outer most layer of skin is composed of four layers of cells the outer two layers are dying in dead cells that are sloughed off as new cells replace them

140
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of the skin is much thicker than the epidermis it contains the vast network of blood vessels that supply the skin as well as the hair follicles sweat glands and sensory glands

141
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

It varies in thickness depending of what part of the body it covers subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids for example it is thin but out of the abdomen and Buttocks is thick

142
Q

Digestive system

A

Is composed of the alimentary track and the accessory organs

143
Q

Urinary system

A

Filters and Excretes waste from the blood it consists of two kidneys which filter waste from the bloodstream and help control fluid balance to ureters which carries the waist from the kidneys to the bladder one urinary bladder which stores that you’re in prior to excretion and one urethra which carries the urine from the bladder out of the body

144
Q

Combining form

A

The combining form is the foundation of the word and gives you the word it’s essential meaning

145
Q

Suffix

A

Is award part added to the end of a combining form that modifies or gives additional or specific meaning to the combining form

146
Q

Prefix

A

Is the word part that comes before combining form

EMT Flashcarss (14 decks)

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