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EMT Flashcarss > 18-19-20-21 > Flashcards

18-19-20-21 Flashcards

1
Q

Altered mental status

A
  • can range from disorientation to total unresponsiveness or unconsciousness
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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

-ballooning of a weekend area within the artery wall

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3
Q

Aphasia

A

-difficulty in speaking or understanding speech

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4
Q

Arteriovenous malformation

A

-abnormally formed blood vessels in or on the surface of the brain that divert blood directly from artery to vein bypassing the Capillaries

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5
Q

Cerebral embolism

A
  • and embolus that larges in and occluded a cerebral artery
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6
Q

Cluster headache

A

-headaches that occur Perative Lee in clusters with excruciating pain usually found on one side of the head or face in the temporal region or around the eye

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7
Q

Coma

A

-and unconscious state in which a person does not respond to any stimulus including pain

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8
Q

Cryptogenic stroke

A

-and ischemic stroke who cause cannot be attributed to a specific source of embolism thrombosis or small artery disease even with extensive medical testing

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9
Q

Embolic stroke

A

-A type of ischemic stroke caused by plaque or other material that lodges in and blocks the cerebral artery

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10
Q

Embolus

A

-A blood clot or other matter than travels through the circulatory system to another part of the body

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11
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

-knowledge of what you want to say but inability to say it or say it clearly

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12
Q

Global aphasia

A

-Inability either to express our thoughts in speech or to understand the speech of others

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13
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

-A stroke caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain that allows blood to leak and collect in or around the brain tissue

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14
Q

Infarct zone

A

-an area of dead tissue caused by the absence of blood flow

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15
Q

Ischemic penumbra

A

-Area of inadequate blood supply in the brain from the stroke in which the brain cells are electrically silent from a lack of ATP but are still alive and might be salvaged if adequate blood flow oxygen and glucose are restored before the cells die

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16
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

-A stroke caused by a clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain resulting in an adequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain distal to the blocked vessel

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17
Q

Large vessel occlusion

A

-stroke caused by a blockage of a large cerebral artery

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18
Q

Migraine headaches

A

-headaches thought to be caused by spasm of vessels followed by vessel dilation and a change in the chemicals that transmit nervous impulses to the brain

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19
Q

Neurological deficit

A

-any deficiency in the nervous system functioning typically exhibited as a motor sensory or cognitive deficit

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20
Q

Nontraumatic brain injury

A

-A medical injury to the brain that is not caused by external trauma stroke as an example of a non-traumatic brain injury

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21
Q

Organic headache

A

-headaches that are symptoms of other conditions such as tumor and infection a stroke or meningitis

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22
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

-difficulty understanding what someone is saying to you

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23
Q

Reticular activating system

A

-A network of specialized nerve cells within the brain stem that controls states of arousal and consciousness including wakefulness attentiveness and sleep

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24
Q

Stroke

A

— A sudden disruption in blood flow to the brain that results in brain cell damage blood flow might be interrupted by a ruptured artery or blocked by a clot or other foreign matter in an artery that supplies the brain

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25
Tension headache
-headaches thought to be caused by contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp causing pain often described as tight or viselike The pain often radiates to the neck and shoulders
26
Thrombosis
-process of formation of a blood clot or thrombus
27
Thrombotic stroke
-A type of ischemic stroke caused by a stationary clot that forms and in blocks a cerebral artery
28
Thrombus
-blood clot
29
Transient ischemic attack
-intermittent episode with stroke like symptoms that typically disappear within minutes but usually last no longer than one hour caused by oxygen deficit in the brain tissue
30
Vascular headache
-headaches caused by dilation or distention vessels vessels or by inflammation within the cranium
31
Absence seizure
-seizure characterized by sudden sudden cessation of conscious activity that involves a lack of vocalization and a blank stare beginning and ending abruptly only 5 to 15 seconds
32
Atonic seizure
-seizure characterized by a total loss of muscle tone resulting in loss of muscle strength causing the person to suddenly dropped to the floor
33
Aura
-an unusual sensory sensation that can preceed a seizure episode by hours are only a few seconds
34
Cognition
-The mental state that involves having perception attention emotion memory and executive function
35
Complex partial seizure
-seizure starting in a small area of the temporal or frontal lobe of one cerebral hemisphere then spreading to another area of the brain but not the RAS allowing the patient to remain weak but not aware
36
Convulsion
-unresponsive missed accompanied by a generalized jerky muscle movement affecting the entire body
37
Epilepsy
-A medical disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
38
Febrile seizure
-seizure that occurs most commonly in young children thought to be caused by a high magnitude and peak of a fever
39
Generalized seizures
-seizures involving the entire brain
40
Generalized clonic- tonic seizures
-A type of seizure that produces unresponsiveness and a characteristic jerky convulsive motor activity involving the entire body
41
Myoclonic seizures
-seizure characterized by sporadic brief jerks of muscle groups on both sides of the body
42
Partial seizures
-seizures involving one specific part of the brain
43
Postictal state
-The recovery. That follows the clonic phase of a generalized seizure and postictal state the patient commonly appears week exhausted confused and disoriented and progressively improves
44
Secondarily generalized seizure
-seizures that occur when simple partial or complex partial Cesar activity spreads from its original position and one cerebral hemisphere to both sides of the brain and the entire body
45
Seizure
-A sudden and temporary alteration in the mental status caused by a massive electrical discharge and a group of nerve cells in the brain
46
Simple partial seizure
-seizure involving one specific part of the brain and just one cerebral hemisphere and not involving the reticular activation system which allows the patient to remain both awake and aware
47
Status epilepticus
-continuous continuous seizure activity lasting longer than 30 minutes or two or more sequential seizures without a full recovery of consciousness between seizures
48
Syncope
-A brief period of unresponsiveness caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain or fainting
49
Tonic seizure
-seizure characterized by a sudden onset of greatly increased muscle tone in the body arms or legs causing sudden muscular rigidity
50
Diabetes mellitus
-Disease in which the normal relationship between glucose and insulin is altered
51
Diabetic ketoacidosis
-A condition typically found in typo and diabetics in which the blood glucose level excessively elevated and insulin level is extremely low to absent which causes glucose to be extracted in the urine
52
Glucagon
-A hormone secreted by the pancreas that raises the blood glucose levels by stimulating delivered to convert stored Glycogen and other substances into glucose
53
Glucose
-A form of sugar that is the bodies basics source of Energy
54
Hyperglycemia
-High blood glucose a blood glucose level greater than 120
55
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, HHS
-OK addition typically found a type two diabetic so I blow glucose level rises excessively causing the loss of large amounts of fluid from glucose spilling into the urine leading to severe dehydration and often leading to an altered mental status
56
Hypoglycemia
-Low blood glucose a blood glucose level of 60 with signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia or blood glucose level of less than 50
57
Insulin
-A hormone secreted by the pancreas that lowers the blood glucose level by promoting the movements of glucose from the blood into the cells
58
Oral glucose
-A form of sugar often given as a joke by mouth to raise the blood glucose level
59
Type 1 diabetes
-A form of diabetes in which the patient’s pancreas typically does not produce secrete any insulin
60
Type 2 diabetes
-A form of diabetes in which the pancreas continues to produce and secrete insulin however the insulin is not completely effective in controlling the blood glucose level
61
Allergen
-A substance that enters the body by ingestion injection in elation or absorption and triggers an allergic reaction
62
Allergic reaction
-I misdirected directed an excessive response by the immune system to a foreign substance or an allergen
63
Anaphylactic reaction
-A reactive release of chemical meditators that produce bronchoconstriction vasodilation capillary permeability and increased mucus production leading to airway and respiratory compromise and hypo perfusion
64
Anaphylactic shock
-shock shock state that results from dilated and leaking blood vessels related to severe allergic reaction
65
Anaphylactoid reaction
-reaction reaction to a foreign substance resembling an anaphylactic reaction that can occur on first exposure to the substance without the prior immune system sensitization that characterizes an anaphylactic reaction
66
Anaphylaxis
-another term for anaphylactic reaction
67
Antibodies
-special proteins produced by the immune system that search out antigens and combine with and help to destroy them
68
Antigen
-foreign foreign substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response
69
Endotracheal intubation
-placement of a tube down the trachea to facilitate airflow into the trachea and lungs
70
Histamine
-The primary chemical meditator release from the mast cells in an anaphylactic reaction
71
Hives
-raised red blotches associated with allergenic and anaphylactic reactions
72
Hypersensitivity
-estate of altered reactivity to an antigen or foreign substance that causes allergic reactions to that substance
73
igE - medicated anaphylactic reaction
-A term for anaphylaxis derived from the immunoglobulin E antibody that the body produces in response to an anaphylaxis causing Allergan
74
Immune response
-production of antibodies but immune system immune system to fight off invasion by foreign substances
75
Immune system
-The body‘s defense mechanism against invasion by foreign substances
76
Malaise
-General general feeling of weakness or discomfort
77
Non-igE- medicated reaction
-Reaction
78
Sensitization
-exposure to an allergen that typically results in hypersensitivity to that Allergan

EMT Flashcarss (14 decks)

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