18-19-20-21 Flashcards
Altered mental status
- can range from disorientation to total unresponsiveness or unconsciousness
Aneurysm
-ballooning of a weekend area within the artery wall
Aphasia
-difficulty in speaking or understanding speech
Arteriovenous malformation
-abnormally formed blood vessels in or on the surface of the brain that divert blood directly from artery to vein bypassing the Capillaries
Cerebral embolism
- and embolus that larges in and occluded a cerebral artery
Cluster headache
-headaches that occur Perative Lee in clusters with excruciating pain usually found on one side of the head or face in the temporal region or around the eye
Coma
-and unconscious state in which a person does not respond to any stimulus including pain
Cryptogenic stroke
-and ischemic stroke who cause cannot be attributed to a specific source of embolism thrombosis or small artery disease even with extensive medical testing
Embolic stroke
-A type of ischemic stroke caused by plaque or other material that lodges in and blocks the cerebral artery
Embolus
-A blood clot or other matter than travels through the circulatory system to another part of the body
Expressive aphasia
-knowledge of what you want to say but inability to say it or say it clearly
Global aphasia
-Inability either to express our thoughts in speech or to understand the speech of others
Hemorrhagic stroke
-A stroke caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain that allows blood to leak and collect in or around the brain tissue
Infarct zone
-an area of dead tissue caused by the absence of blood flow
Ischemic penumbra
-Area of inadequate blood supply in the brain from the stroke in which the brain cells are electrically silent from a lack of ATP but are still alive and might be salvaged if adequate blood flow oxygen and glucose are restored before the cells die
Ischemic stroke
-A stroke caused by a clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain resulting in an adequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain distal to the blocked vessel
Large vessel occlusion
-stroke caused by a blockage of a large cerebral artery
Migraine headaches
-headaches thought to be caused by spasm of vessels followed by vessel dilation and a change in the chemicals that transmit nervous impulses to the brain
Neurological deficit
-any deficiency in the nervous system functioning typically exhibited as a motor sensory or cognitive deficit
Nontraumatic brain injury
-A medical injury to the brain that is not caused by external trauma stroke as an example of a non-traumatic brain injury
Organic headache
-headaches that are symptoms of other conditions such as tumor and infection a stroke or meningitis
Receptive aphasia
-difficulty understanding what someone is saying to you
Reticular activating system
-A network of specialized nerve cells within the brain stem that controls states of arousal and consciousness including wakefulness attentiveness and sleep
Stroke
— A sudden disruption in blood flow to the brain that results in brain cell damage blood flow might be interrupted by a ruptured artery or blocked by a clot or other foreign matter in an artery that supplies the brain
Tension headache
-headaches thought to be caused by contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp causing pain often described as tight or viselike The pain often radiates to the neck and shoulders
Thrombosis
-process of formation of a blood clot or thrombus
Thrombotic stroke
-A type of ischemic stroke caused by a stationary clot that forms and in blocks a cerebral artery
Thrombus
-blood clot
Transient ischemic attack
-intermittent episode with stroke like symptoms that typically disappear within minutes but usually last no longer than one hour caused by oxygen deficit in the brain tissue
Vascular headache
-headaches caused by dilation or distention vessels vessels or by inflammation within the cranium
Absence seizure
-seizure characterized by sudden sudden cessation of conscious activity that involves a lack of vocalization and a blank stare beginning and ending abruptly only 5 to 15 seconds