Chapter 2

Question 1

Burnout

Answer 1

A state of exhaustion and irritability. Signs and symptoms not well recognized.

Question 2

Critical incident stress debriefing ( CISD )

Answer 2

Ideally held within 24-72 hours of critical incident. Health professionals help walk through the seven phases.

Question 3

Defusing

Answer 3

Version of CISD held up to 8 hours following a critical incident. Attempted by those who are most directly involved. Last 30-45 minuets.

Question 4

Pathogens

Answer 4

Microorganisms typically only visible through microscope. May be found in atmosphere around you and on or in the patient you are assessing.

Question 5

Bacteria

Answer 5

Microscopic single cells organisms, have capability to reproduce on their own or within a host. - sinus infection, ear infection, pneumonia, strep throat, TB, urinary track infections

Question 6

Viruses

Answer 6

Can’t grow on their own. Antibiotics are not affective. Self limiting, common cold or flu, AIDS, HIV, hepatitis A,B,C. Pneumonia, SARS, respiratory syncytial virus.

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

Plant like organisms. Do not cause infection if you have normally functioning immune system. Fungi may cause disease that would not typically be found, pneumonia in the HIV- infected person

Question 8

Protozoa

Answer 8

Single felled organisms. Found in soil and are able to move. Parents involved have compromised immune system. Frequently enters the body through fecal-oral rout. Mosquitoes are carriers that cause malaria. Some
Form of gastroenteritis and vaginal infections cause by this.

Question 9

Helminths

Answer 9

Parasitic worms, roundworms, flukes, and tapeworms. Introduced by ingestion, or through the skin. Hookworm, attaches to the patients intestine, leading to blood loss and anemia.

Question 10

Standard precautions

Answer 10

Protecting yourself from Disease transmission through exposure to blood and other bodily fluids. Body substance isolation ( BSI )

Question 11

Cleaning, disinfecting, sterilization.

Answer 11

Cleaning- washing a solid object with soap and water.
Disinfecting - includes cleaning, but also involves hospital grade disinfectant or germicide.
Sterilization - is subject to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms.

Question 12

PPD- purified protein derivative.

Answer 12

Test that Detects tuberculosis exposure.

Question 13

Hep B

Answer 13

One of several viruses that can affect the liver .

Fatigue, nausea and loss of appetite, abdominal pain, headache, fever, yellowish skin color, dark urine

Question 14

Hep. C

Answer 14

Most common blood borne infection in the U. S. 80% have no signs or symptoms.
Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, dark urine, loss of appetite

Question 15

TB - tuberculosis

Answer 15

Pathogen that causes TB is found in the lungs and other tissues of infected patient
Fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss

Question 16

HIV/AIDS

Answer 16

Not spread by casual contact. Modes of transmission include, sexual contact, infected needles, infected blood products, mother-child transmission, infected blood secretions through mucous membranes. Destroys the body’s ability to fight infections symptoms include, low grade fever, night sweats, swollen lymph glands, loss of appetite, nausea, persistent diarrhea, headache, sore throat, fatigue, shortness of breath, manual status changes, muscle and joint aches, rash, various opportunistic infections.

Question 17

SARS - caused by a respiratory track virus that was found in Asia in 2003.

Answer 17

Close contact is ideally 3 feet, symptoms include, high fever greater than 100, headache and body ache, general feelings of discomfort, respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, dry cough. Most patients develops pneumonia

Question 18

West Nile virus ( WNV )

Answer 18

Transmitted through the bite of a mosquito, 8% of patients show no symptoms, severe signs abs symptoms, high fever, headache stiff neck, confusion and disorientation to coma, seizures, muscle weakness, numbness, paralysis, vision loss

Question 19

Ebola virus

Answer 19

Belongs to the family of virus’s collectively known as viral hemorrhagic fevers. 2014 west Africa, 3500 deaths. Symptoms include, high fever, severe headache, muscle pain and weakness, severe vomiting and diarrhea, unexplained severe hemorrhage. Typically appear 2-21 days after conceived exposure to blood and body fluids of the infected.

Question 20

ZIKA virus disease

Answer 20

Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms include, fever, rash, joint and muscle pain, headache, conjunctivitis. Signs appear 3-12 days after infection. Can be spread through birth, causing birth defects, may be sexually transmitted. Can be treated with administration of acetaminophen.

Question 21

Multi-drug resistant organisms

Answer 21

Pathogens that are adapted to and developed the capability to resist standard antimicrobial drugs. Also found in patients who have chronic wounds or who frequently use health care facilities such as physicians offices and hemodialysis centers. Transmission typically through direct person to person contact respiratory droplets.

Methicillin/oxacillin resistant
Vancomycin resistant 
Drug-resistant
Extensively drug resistant TB
Colistin-resistant

Question 22

Classes of garments

Answer 22

Class 1- designated for workers in parking lots and other areas with traffic flow less than 25mph.
Class 2- designated for personnel whose attendance is diverted from traffic or where the traffic flow is moving 25mph. Or greater
Class 3- designated for personal whose work greatly diverts there attention away from the roadway and where they are at serious risk from hazards created by moving vehicles.

Question 23

Cardiovascular endurance

Answer 23

Gained through aerobic exercise that is geared toward improving the ability of the heart, lungs, and vessels to supply the muscles and organs with oxygen and other nutrients during prolonged periods of work.

Question 24

Muscle strength

Answer 24

Muscle strength is defined as the amount of force a muscle can produce through a single contraction.

Question 25

Muscle endurance

Answer 25

Defined as the ability of the muscle to function repeatedly without unwarranted fatigue.

Question 26

Muscle flexibility/ body composition

Answer 26

Muscle flexibility - allowed you to move your joints through the full range of motion.
Body composition - is evaluated primarily by the ratio of the body fat to total weight.