Chapter 2 Flashcards
Burnout
A state of exhaustion and irritability. Signs and symptoms not well recognized.
Critical incident stress debriefing ( CISD )
Ideally held within 24-72 hours of critical incident. Health professionals help walk through the seven phases.
Defusing
Version of CISD held up to 8 hours following a critical incident. Attempted by those who are most directly involved. Last 30-45 minuets.
Pathogens
Microorganisms typically only visible through microscope. May be found in atmosphere around you and on or in the patient you are assessing.
Bacteria
Microscopic single cells organisms, have capability to reproduce on their own or within a host. - sinus infection, ear infection, pneumonia, strep throat, TB, urinary track infections
Viruses
Can’t grow on their own. Antibiotics are not affective. Self limiting, common cold or flu, AIDS, HIV, hepatitis A,B,C. Pneumonia, SARS, respiratory syncytial virus.
Fungi
Plant like organisms. Do not cause infection if you have normally functioning immune system. Fungi may cause disease that would not typically be found, pneumonia in the HIV- infected person
Protozoa
Single felled organisms. Found in soil and are able to move. Parents involved have compromised immune system. Frequently enters the body through fecal-oral rout. Mosquitoes are carriers that cause malaria. Some
Form of gastroenteritis and vaginal infections cause by this.
Helminths
Parasitic worms, roundworms, flukes, and tapeworms. Introduced by ingestion, or through the skin. Hookworm, attaches to the patients intestine, leading to blood loss and anemia.
Standard precautions
Protecting yourself from Disease transmission through exposure to blood and other bodily fluids. Body substance isolation ( BSI )
Cleaning, disinfecting, sterilization.
Cleaning- washing a solid object with soap and water.
Disinfecting - includes cleaning, but also involves hospital grade disinfectant or germicide.
Sterilization - is subject to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms.
PPD- purified protein derivative.
Test that Detects tuberculosis exposure.
Hep B
One of several viruses that can affect the liver .
Fatigue, nausea and loss of appetite, abdominal pain, headache, fever, yellowish skin color, dark urine
Hep. C
Most common blood borne infection in the U. S. 80% have no signs or symptoms.
Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, dark urine, loss of appetite
TB - tuberculosis
Pathogen that causes TB is found in the lungs and other tissues of infected patient
Fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss
HIV/AIDS
Not spread by casual contact. Modes of transmission include, sexual contact, infected needles, infected blood products, mother-child transmission, infected blood secretions through mucous membranes. Destroys the body’s ability to fight infections symptoms include, low grade fever, night sweats, swollen lymph glands, loss of appetite, nausea, persistent diarrhea, headache, sore throat, fatigue, shortness of breath, manual status changes, muscle and joint aches, rash, various opportunistic infections.
SARS - caused by a respiratory track virus that was found in Asia in 2003.
Close contact is ideally 3 feet, symptoms include, high fever greater than 100, headache and body ache, general feelings of discomfort, respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, dry cough. Most patients develops pneumonia
West Nile virus ( WNV )
Transmitted through the bite of a mosquito, 8% of patients show no symptoms, severe signs abs symptoms, high fever, headache stiff neck, confusion and disorientation to coma, seizures, muscle weakness, numbness, paralysis, vision loss
Ebola virus
Belongs to the family of virus’s collectively known as viral hemorrhagic fevers. 2014 west Africa, 3500 deaths. Symptoms include, high fever, severe headache, muscle pain and weakness, severe vomiting and diarrhea, unexplained severe hemorrhage. Typically appear 2-21 days after conceived exposure to blood and body fluids of the infected.
ZIKA virus disease
Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms include, fever, rash, joint and muscle pain, headache, conjunctivitis. Signs appear 3-12 days after infection. Can be spread through birth, causing birth defects, may be sexually transmitted. Can be treated with administration of acetaminophen.
Multi-drug resistant organisms
Pathogens that are adapted to and developed the capability to resist standard antimicrobial drugs. Also found in patients who have chronic wounds or who frequently use health care facilities such as physicians offices and hemodialysis centers. Transmission typically through direct person to person contact respiratory droplets.
Methicillin/oxacillin resistant Vancomycin resistant Drug-resistant Extensively drug resistant TB Colistin-resistant
Classes of garments
Class 1- designated for workers in parking lots and other areas with traffic flow less than 25mph.
Class 2- designated for personnel whose attendance is diverted from traffic or where the traffic flow is moving 25mph. Or greater
Class 3- designated for personal whose work greatly diverts there attention away from the roadway and where they are at serious risk from hazards created by moving vehicles.
Cardiovascular endurance
Gained through aerobic exercise that is geared toward improving the ability of the heart, lungs, and vessels to supply the muscles and organs with oxygen and other nutrients during prolonged periods of work.
Muscle strength
Muscle strength is defined as the amount of force a muscle can produce through a single contraction.
