Chapter 7 - Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors

Question 1

Adverse Drug Reactions?

Answer 1

is any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses

Question 2

Side Effect?

Answer 2

a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses

Question 3

Toxicity?

Answer 3

the degree of detrimental physiologic effects caused by excessive drug dosing

Question 4

Allergic Reaction?

Answer 4

is an immune response. For an allergic reaction to occur, there must be prior sensitization of the immune system. Once the immune system has been sensitized to a drug, reexposure to that drug can trigger an allergic response.

Question 5

Anaphylaxis?

Answer 5

is a life-threatening response characterized by bronchospasm, 63laryngeal edema, and a precipitous drop in blood pressure

Question 6

The intensity of an allergic reaction is determined primarily by ___

Answer 6

the degree of sensitization of the immune system, not by drug dosage.

Question 7

Which drug family causes the most allergic reactions?

Answer 7

The penicillins.

Question 8

An idiosyncratic effect?

Answer 8

an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition

Question 9

What is an example of an idiosyncratic effect?

Answer 9

people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked inherited condition that commonly occurs in people with African and Mediterranean ancestry. When people with G6PD deficiency take drugs such as sulfonamides or aspirin, they develop varying degrees of red blood cell hemolysis, which may become life threatening.

Question 10

Iatrogenic Disease

Answer 10

disease that occurs as the result of medical care or treatment - a disease produced by drugs

Question 11

amphotericin B causes injury to _____

Answer 11

kidneys

Question 12

amiodarone can cause injuries to the _____

Answer 12

lungs

Question 13

What two liver tests are done for LFT’s?

Answer 13

aminotransferase (AST, formerly known as SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly known as SGPT

Question 14

QT interval is a measure of______

Answer 14

time required for the ventricles to repolarize after each contraction.

Question 15

QT interval is a measure of______.

Answer 15

time required for the ventricles to repolarize after each contraction.

Question 16

What can prolonged QT interval cause?

Answer 16

patients can develop a dysrhythmia known as torsades de pointes, which can progress to potentially fatal ventricular fibrillation.