Chapter 12 - Basic Principles of Neuropharmacology

Question 1

Neuropharmalogic agents can be divided into what two broad categories

Answer 1

1. Central nervous system drugs

2. Peripheral nervous system drugs

Question 2

Synaptic transmission

Answer 2

Process by which information is carried across the gap between the neuron and the postsynaptic cell.

Question 3

Axonal conduction

Answer 3

Process of conducting an action potential down the axon of the neuron.

Question 4

Synaptic transmission requires the release of _________ molecules from the axon terminal followed by binding of these molecules to receptors at the _______

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter : postsynaptic cell

Question 5

Transmitter-receptor binding

Answer 5

Series of events is initiated in the postsynaptic cell, leading to a change in its behavior

Question 6

Most Neuropharmalogic agents act by altering ______

Answer 6

Synaptic transmission

Question 7

Why do drugs usually target synaptic transmission?

Answer 7

Because drugs that alter synaptic transmission can produce effects that are much more selective than those produced by drugs that alter Axonal conduction

Question 8

Are drugs that act by altering axonal conduction very selective?

Answer 8

No

Recall that the process of conducting an impulse along an axon is essentially the same in all neurons. – so it basically affects conduction in all nerves to which it has access.

Question 9

Give an example of a drug that works on axonal conduction

Answer 9

Local anesthetics

Question 10

Synaptic transmission can produce effects that are _______

Answer 10

Highly effective

Question 11

Neuropharmacology

Answer 11

The study of drugs that alter processes controlled by the nervous system

Question 12

Why are drugs that Alter synaptic transmission produce effects that are highly selective?

Answer 12

Bc synapses, unlike axons differ from one another

Question 13

The effects of Neuropjarmalogic drugs depend on altering ________

Answer 13

Receptor activity

Question 14

What are the 5 steps of synaptic transmission?

Answer 14

1. Transmitter synthesis
2. Transmitter storage
3. Transmitter release
4. Receptor binding
5. Termination of transmission

Question 15

Transmitter storage takes place in the _____

Answer 15

Vesicles

Question 16

Release of transmitter is triggered by __________

Answer 16

The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal

Question 17

Transmitter can be removed from the synaptic gap by what three processes?

Answer 17

1. Reuptake
2. Enzymatic degradation
3. Diffusion

Question 18

Drugs that interfere with transmitter storage will cause receptor activation _____

Answer 18

Decrease

Question 19

A principal example of drugs that bind to receptors and thereby enhance the actions of a natural transmitter are the ________

Answer 19

Benzodiazepines

Question 20

Drugs can interfere with the termination of transmitter action by what two mechanisms

Answer 20

1. Blockade of transmitter reuptake

2. Inhibition of transmitter degradation

Question 21

Activation of beta1 receptors cause______

Answer 21

1. Increased heart rate

2. Increase force of cardiac contraction

Question 22

Activation of beta2 receptors cause______

Answer 22

1. Bronchial dilation

2. Elevation of blood glucose levels

Question 23

Drugs that block transmitter reuptake ________ receptor activation

Answer 23

Increase