Chapter 14 - Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists

Question 1

Cholinergic drugs are agents that influence the activity of

Answer 1

cholinergic receptors.

Question 2

Cholinergic drugs are drugs that act directly on cholinergic receptors where they either mimic or block the actions of

Answer 2

acetylcholine

Question 3

cholinesterase inhibitors influence cholinergic receptors indirectly by preventing the

Answer 3

acetylcholine

Question 4

What are the six categories of cholinergic drugs

Answer 4

1. Muscarinic agonists
2. Muscarinic antagonists
   3 Ganglionic stimulationg agents
3. Ganglionic blocking agents
4. Neuromuscular blocking agents
   6.Cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 5

The muscarinic agonists, represented by bethanechol, selectively mimic the effects of acetylcholine at _____receptors

Answer 5

muscarinic receptors.

Question 6

The muscarinic antagonists, represented by atropine, selectively block the effects of acetylcholine (and other muscarinic agonists) at _______ receptors

Answer 6

muscarinic.

Question 7

Ganglionic stimulating agents, represented by nicotine itself, selectively mimic the effects of acetylcholine at _____ receptors

Answer 7

nicotinic N

Question 8

Ganglionic blocking agents, represented by mecamylamine, selectively block _______

Answer 8

ganglionic nicotinic N receptors

Question 9

Neuromuscular blocking agents, represented by d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine, selectively block the effects of acetylcholine at ______ receptros at the ________

Answer 9

nicotinic M receptors ; neuromuscular junction.

Question 10

cholinesterase inhibitors, represented by neostigmine and physostigmine, prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine

Answer 10

acetylcholinesterase, and thereby increase the activation of all cholinergic receptors.

Question 11

Anticholinergics may _____ lactation in some women, resulting in _____ production of breast milk.

Answer 11

inhibit; decrease

Question 12

list the three major subtypes of cholinergic receptors

Answer 12

1. muscarinic
2. Nicotinic N
3. NIcotinic M

Question 13

Bethanechol : [Urecholine, Duvoid image]

Receptor :
Usage :

Answer 13

• (muscarinic agonist) activates muscarinic receptors of urinary tract - This relaxes the trigone and sphincter muscles and increases voiding pressure.
• urinary retention (mostly postpartum or postoperative)

Question 14

Cevimeline [Evoxac]?

Recepor:
Usage:

Answer 14

• (muscarinic agonist) activationg muscarinic receptors on residual healthy tissue in salivary glands, thereby promoting salivation
• Used for dry mouth in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome

Question 15

Pilocarpine?

Receptor:
Usage:

Answer 15

• muscarinic agonist
• topical therapy of glaucoma, an ophthalmic disorder characterized by elevated intraocular pressure with subsequent injury to the optic nerve.

Question 16

Acetylcholine?

Receptor:
Usage:

Answer 16

• (muscarinic agonist) Activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors and all nicotinic cholinergic recepors
• Used to produce rapid miosis following lens delivery in cataract surgery.

Question 17

Muscarine is of historic interest because

Answer 17

of its role in the discovery of cholinergic receptor subtypes. The drug has toxicologic significance because of its presence in certain poisonous mushrooms.

Question 18

Muscarinic poisoning can result from ingestion of certain _____ and from overdose of ______ and ______

Answer 18

mushrooms ; direct acting muscarinic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors.

Question 19

Manifestations of muscarinic poisoning result from excessive activation of ______?

Answer 19

muscarinic receptors

Question 20

What is the treatment of muscarinic poisoning?

Answer 20

atropine (muscarinic blocking agent)

Question 21

Muscarinic antagonists competitively block the actions of ________

Answer 21

acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors.

Question 22

the muscarinic antagonists are also known as _______ drugs

Answer 22

parasympatholytic

Question 23

What are the four major symptoms of overactive bladder?

Answer 23

1. urinary urgency
2. urinary frequency
3. nocturia
4. urge incontinence

Question 24

What are the 3 three designated muscarinic receptor subtypes?

Answer 24

M1, M2, M3,