Chapter 7 - Acute Injuries: Assessment and Disposition Flashcards
What is is called when all four limbs are in extension as a neurological sign?
decerebrate rigidity
What is is called when the arms are flexed and the legs are in extension as a neurological sign?
decorticate rigidity
What is anisocoria?
Uneven pupils
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert - fully awake
Voice - responds to verbal
Pain - responds to pain
Unresponsive - does not respond
List the GCS categories for Eye Opening.
4 = spontaneous
3 = with voice
2 = with pain
1 = no response
List the GCS categories for Verbal Response.
5 = normal conversation
4 = confused conversation
3 = words, not cohearant
2 = sounds only
1 = no response
List the GCS categories for Motor Response.
6 = normal response
5 = localizes pain
4 = withdraws from pain
3 = decorticate
2 = decerebrate
1 = no response
What is the GCS for an athlete that does not respond to painful stimuli, is not making any sounds, and has no movement.
GCS = 3
You approach an athlete that has their eyes open, but is speaking incoherantly. When you touch their injured hand, they pull their hand away.
GCS = 11
What is ecchymosis behind the ear called and what does it indicate?
Battle sign, potential basilar skull fracture
What is ecchymosis under the eyes called and what does it indicate?
Raccoon eyes, potential facial fracure or basilar skull fracture
T/F: A battle sign will develop quite quickly after a head trauma, so it is imported to monitor behind the athlete’s ears after the initial contact.
False, can take days to develop. May be bloody drainage from ears immediately after.
What are the six vital signs?
- HR
- BP
- Pulse Ox
- Respiration
- Temperature
- PERRLA
What is the normal respiratory rate range in adults?
10-25 breaths
What is the normal respiratory rate range in children?
20-25 breaths
T/F: removal of protective equipment should take place after the athlete has been placed on a spinal board.
False, before
What re the indications for using SMR?
1) Blunt trauma with altered LOC
2) Spinal pain or tenderness
3) Nerological symptoms
4) Deformity of the spine
also if distracting injury, drug or alcohol impairment, or innability to communicate
What is the correct intervention for a mild asthma attack?
Remove from play and administer inhaler
What is the correct intervention for a moderate asthma attack?
removed from play and environment, inhaler administered, O2 given if needed.
When should a moderate asthma attack go to the hospital?
If they are not improved after 3 inhaler uses
What is the correct intervention for a moderate asthma attack?
Remove from play, administer O2 and inhaler, activate EMS
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
increased HR, palpitations, nervousness, sweating, hunger, headache, dizziness, unconscious (severe)
What blood sugar level is considered mild hypoglycemia?
60-70 mg per dL
What blood sugar level is considered severe hypoglycemia?
below 40 mg per dL
T/F: chocolate is an excellant source of carbohydrates to counteract a hypogycemic episode because of its high sugar content.
False, its high fat content interferes with the absorption of sugar
T/F: If a person is unconscious and unable to eat during a hypoglycemic attack, sugar can be placed under their tongue as an alternate route of absorptions through the mucas membrane.
True
What are the two criteria for exertional heat stroke?
Core temperature greater than 104 F - 105 F and CNS dysfuntion
What is considered a successful treatment of EHS?
Dropping the core tempurature to under 102 F in within 30 min of collapse
Which disorder usually contains: muscle twinge prior to cramping, painful muscle cramps, athlete “hobbling to ground” due to cramps, visible muscle cramps & pain
Exertional cramping
Which disorder usually contains: no muscle twinge prior to cramping, muscle cramps with minimal pain, athlete “drops to ground” due to weakness, musculature seems normal, athlete quiet
Exertional sickling
