Chapter 3 - Protective Equipment Flashcards
Which injuries are caused by high velocity, low mass collisions?
Focal injury
What causes focal injuries?
high velocity, low mass
Which injuries are caused by low velocity, high mass collisions?
diffuse injuries
What causes diffuse injuries?
low velocity, high mass
What are some features of low-density material
- soft, flexible, comfortable
- only effective at low levels of impact
- reduce friction (prevents blisters & abrasions)
What are some features of high-density material
- hard, ridgid, less comfortable
- better for high intensity impact (absorbs more force through deformation)
- protects from direct blows and focal injuries
What is another factor to consider in energy-absorbing material?
resiliance
- high resiliant (regain shape) = repeated impact
- low resiliant (deforms) = one time impacts
Name some types of soft protective materials
foam, nylon, moleskin, neoprene, gauze, felt, Sorbothane
Name some types of hard protective materials
moldable plastics (thermoplast, orthoplast), catsing materials (fiberglass, plaster),
What are some plastic materials?
Aquaplast Bluestripe, Multiform I & II, Orfit, Orthoplast II
What are some rubber materials?
Aquaplast Greenstrip, Orthoplast, Synergy, Ultraform Traditions
Who is usually responsible for what when it comes to equipment?
Coach picks, director buys, AT/manager proper wearing
Which organizaitions have strict rules regarding equipment standards?
National Federation of State High School Associations (NFSHSA) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
T/F: It is the organizations duty to ensure proper use of equipment. That is is the most appropriate & fitted, cared for, as well as the dangers and proper supervision.
True
What responsibilities does the AT have in regards to equipment
- select proper equipment
- properly fit
- instuct in proper care
- warn of any danger with using equipment incorrectly
- supervise and monitor use
Which equipment does the NOCSAE set standards for?
-football helmets
- baseball, softball and lacrosse helmets & face masks
-soccer shin guards
Which equipment does the ASTM & HECC set standards for?
hockey helmets and face masks
Who sets standards in Canada?
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Who else can set quipment standards?
NFSHSA, NAIA, NCAA, & U.S. Olympic Commitee
A football helmet must have:
NOSCSAE warning label. face shield no less than 2 bars, 4 strap chin guard,
T/F: a football helmet must have at least a double cell air bladder.
False, can be single or double bladder.
T/F: a football helmet must have at least a double bar face guard
True!
A stamp of approval from whom is required on a hockey helmet?
A) ATSM
B) HECC
C) CSA
C, CSA
A stamp of approval from whom is required on a baseball helmet?
A) NOCSAE
B) NFSHSA
C) NAIA
D) NCAA
A, NOCSAE
Before fitting a football helmet, what two conditions should be simulated?
- Haircut that will be worn during the season
- wet hair
How many fingers should be used to measure distance above forehead and extension of face mask in a football helmet?
two
Which three actions should be completed when ensuring a snug fit on a football helmet?
1) Press forwards on back of head
2) Press down on top of helmet
3) Move faceguard left & right
T/F: Lacrosse helmets are mandatory in men and women’s games.
False, optional for women
Who sets the standard for lacrosse helmets?
NOCSAE
T/F: helmets are meant to prevent head injury, not prevent axial loading of spinal cord or concussions
true
What are the three types of eyewear?
goggles, face shields, spectacles
Who regulates facemasks in baseball catchers and home plate umpires?
A) NOCSAE
B) ASTM
C) HECC
B, ASTM
What are the two requirements of spectacles to be used in sport?
must be 3mm thick lenses and be made from CR 39 plastic (or polycarbonate)
Which two organizations have standards for spectacles?
ASTM & CSA
T/F: You cannot wear contact lenses when swimming.
False, it’s allowed but not reccomended without goggles
T/F: Hard contact lenses result in more eye trauma (abrasions, cornea damage, dislogement bacteria trapped behind eye)
True
How long should swimmers wait to remove contacts after swimming and why?
20-30min because the contacts stick to the cornea after swimming.
What can repeated friction and trauma cause to the ear?
Hematoma auris (cauliflower ear)
Which sports commonly utilize ear protection?
Water polo, boxing, wrestling, and some rugby positions.
What are the three types of mouth guards in order of most expensive to lease expensive.
Type I -Custom
Type II - “boil & bite”
Type 3 - stock
Which associations recommend mouth guards for sports?
American Dental Association & American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
T/F: The NOCSAE requires catchers in baseball and softball to wear a built-in or attachable throat guard.
False, its the NCAA
T/F: Cantilevered shoulder pads allow for more glenohumeral ROM
False, flat pads do
What is the advantage of a cantilevered should pad?
distribute forces throughout the entire shoulder girdle
Which football position prefers the outside cantilever pad and why?
Lineman because it has a larger blocking surface and more shoulder protection
Which football position prefers the inside cantilever pad and why?
None, used in general because its a medium balance of protection, weight, and ROM.
Which football position prefers the double cantilever pad and why?
Lineman and players that can handle extra bulk
T/F: Quarterbacks, recievers, and lineman require less padding in football.
False, quarterbacks, recievers, and offensive backs. Linemen need more padding.
T/F: In high school and collegiate sports, no hard material can be worn below the elbow unless it’s covered by closed-cell foam.
True
T/F: Chest wall protectors have been found to help prevent commotio cortis.
False
T/F: some organizations support the use of a low back brace for preventing low back injuries and some don’t.
True
T/F: For thigh, hip, and groin protection, the material should be a soft foam padding to prevent limitations in range of motion.
False, should be hard polyethylene covered with layers of Ensolite
How high above the patella should thigh pads be?
6-7 inches
What are the three categories of knee braces?
Prophylactic, rehabilitative, functional
T/F: The decision of which category of knee brace is up to the physician or surgeon.
True
What are the three types of ankle braces
lace up (all ROM), semi rigid (inv/ev), air bladder (inv/ev)
T/F: Ankle braces have been shown to be moe effective in preventing injury than prophylactic taping
True
What are the three types of foot orthotics?
soft, rigid, semirigid
How often should an avid runner and a recreational runner replace their shoes?
3 and 6 months
What are the three types of foot orthotics?
1) orthotics to change foot funtion
2) protective orthotics
3) combine funtional control and protection
