Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATwithEmily > Chapter 12 - Therapeutic Modalities > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Therapeutic Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five ways energy can be transferred?

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Conduction
  3. Convection
  4. Conversion
  5. Evaporation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give a brief summary of radiation.

A

uses infrared waves without any physical contact (ex. short wave diathermy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give a brief summary of conduction.

A

direct, between two objects using physical contact (ex. ice packs, hot pads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give a brief summary of convection.

A

more rapid than conduction, uses water or air across the body to make temperature variations (ex. whirlpool)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give a brief summary of conversion.

A

changing of energy from one from to another (ex. ultrasound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give a brief summary of evaporation.

A

liquid changes to gas state (sweat evaporating on a hot day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three factors that affect energy transfer?

A

reflection, refraction, absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the law related to the inverse relationship between the energy reflected/refracted/absorbed by the superficial tissues vs. the energy transmitted to the underlying tissues

A

law of Grotthus-Draper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which law is related to the need for perpendicular application of ultrasound?

A

Cosine law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which law is related to the distance between the skin and the energy source?

A

inverse square law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of electromagnetic energy does cryotherapy use?

A

classified as infrared radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Adipose tissue is a conductor so heat/cold transfer happens more quickly.

A

False, it is an insulator so it’s slower (resists heat transfer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main indications for cold therapy?

A

pain, heat/inflammation, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does cryotherapy improve an injury?

A

vasoconstriction and decreased tissue metabolism reduces secondary hypoxia at an injury site. Also reduces pain and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the usual temperature of cryotherapy?

A

1-10deg C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: Maximal decreases in localized blood flow can occure with cold applications between 12.83deg C and 15deg C.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the rewarming time for an injured area after 20-30 min of ice?

A

90 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the use of cold therapy before movement called?

A

cryokinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: For cryokinetics, the pain level must be 1-3 on the 10-point pain scale.

A

False, must be pain free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F: If the athlete is able to participate in the activity, the cryokinetic cycle ends with exercise. If not, it ends in cold.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the disadvantage of using ice bags as a cold application?

A

Ice machine can be expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the stages of sensations in cryotherapy?

A

CBAN - cold, burning, aching, numbness/analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What adverse reactions can happing with ice bags?

A

wheal or blister formations in people sensitive to cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the disadvantage of using reusable cold packs?

A

Can cause frostbite because stored at subzero temperatures (needs wet towel or cloth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do Cold and Compression Therapy Units (CCT) attempt to achieve?

A

decrease blood flow, assist venous return, decrease edema, increase effective depth of cold penetration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the contraindications to using a CCT?

A

compartment syndrome, fracture, peripheral vascular disease, or impaired circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F: A person can complete ROM exercises while wearing a CCT during inflation to enhance blood flow.

A

False, can be done during the deflation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of instant cold packs?

A

short duration of cold, expensive for single-use, potential of package tearing and leaking (can chemically burn skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Areas where ice massage is most benficial?

A

small areas
- muscle belly
- tendon
- bursa
- trigger point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: Ice massage is particulary useful for small areas with acute injury.

A

False, reactive hyperemia is not desired for acute injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the main physiological effects of ice massage?

A

cooling of skin and reactive hyperemia (increased blood flow) following treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a common application of ice massage?

A

before ROM exercises and deep friction massage for chronic tendinitis or muscle strains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

T/F: Ice immersion is used for acute injuries in the inflammatory phase?

A

True, helps to reduce edema if above heart or compression wrapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the temperatures of bucket and whirlpool immersion.

A

Bucket = 4-10 deg C
Whirlpool = 10-15.6 deg C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is an added effect of whirlpool immersion?

A

hydromassaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

T/F: Ultrasound, phonophoresis, and diathermy are considered penetrating thermotherapy.

A

True

37
Q

What tissue temperature must be achieved for therapeutic effects

A

40-45 deg C

38
Q

Where in the tissues is the greated degree of elevated temperature?

A

skin and subcutaneous tissue within 0.5 cm of skin surface.

39
Q

T/F: Total body immersion in a whirlpool should take place for at least 30 min to penetrate the deeper body tissues.

A

False, longer than 30 min can cause dehydration, dizziness, and high body core temperature

40
Q

The pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in whirlpools can lead to what?

A

folliculitis

41
Q

What is the maximum water temperature of a large (4-16 person) whirlpool?

A

38.9 deg C

42
Q

Which disinfectants can be applied to open wounds before whirlpool use?

A

povidone, povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite

43
Q

Which method of energy tranfer do heat packs use?

A

Conduction

44
Q

What is the most effective way to warm up the musculoskeletal tissue?

A

exercise (biking, elliptical)

45
Q

What temperature are hot packs stored at?

A

70-75 deg C

46
Q

What are hot packs filled with?

A

hydrophilic silicate

47
Q

What is the ratio of paraffin and mineral oil?

A

6:1 or 7:1

48
Q

What is the purpose of adding the mineral oil to a paraffin bath?

A

lowers the melting temperature

49
Q

What are the two contraindications for using the dip and reimmersed method in a paraffin bath?

A

edema or patient can’t maintain position for 10-20min

50
Q

What are the general contraindications for paraffin bath use?

A
  • decreased sensation
  • open wounds
  • thin scars
  • skin rashes
  • peripheral vascular disease
51
Q

Which method of energy transfer does fluidotherapy use?

A

Convection

52
Q

What is in a fluidotherapy chmaber?

A

Heated air and Cellex particles

53
Q

T/F: Fluidotherapy is more effective than whirlpools and paraffin baths at increasing body temperature?

A

True

54
Q

What is mandatory before starting a fluidotherapy test?

A

skin sensory heat discrimination test of patient

55
Q

Which tranfer of energy does ultrasound use and what is the effect called?

A

conversion, reverse pizoelectric effect

56
Q

What are the thermal effects of ultrasound?

A

increased: collagen tissue extensibility, blood flow, sensory and motor neuron velocity, enzymatic activity.

Decreased: muscle spasm, joint stiffness, inflammation, pain

57
Q

What are the non-thermal effects of ultrasound?

A

increase skin permeability -> decreases inflmmatory response, reduces pain, facilitates soft tissue healing.

58
Q

T/F: Only pulsed ultrasound reduces nerve conduction velocity.

A

False, pulsed and continuous.

59
Q

What does ERA stand for in ultrasound?

A

Effective radiating area

60
Q

How deep does 3 MHz ultrasound heat?

A

2-3 cm

61
Q

How deep does 1 MHz ultrasound heat?

A

3-5 cm

62
Q

What is the total area covered in 5 min with ultrasound?

A

2-3 x the size of the transducer head

63
Q

T/F: When using ultrasound in water, the intensity is increased by 0.5 W/cm^2 to compensate for air and minerals in the water.

A

True

64
Q

T/F: Using an ultrasound under water creates more heat tranfer to the body than a gel bladder.

A

Flase, opposite

65
Q

What is phonophoresis used for?

A

enhance the percutaneous absorption of anti-inflmmatory drugs and local analgesiscs through the skin

66
Q

Is continuous or pulsed ultrasound used for Phonophoresis?

A

Continuous for better tissue permeability

67
Q

What are the usual parameters for phonophoresis?

A

1.0-1.5 W/cm^2 for 5-15 min

68
Q

T/F: The more soft-tissue in an area, the higher the ultrasound intensity (W/cm^2)

A

True

69
Q

T/F: Diathermy uses heat to stimulate the motor and sensory nerves.

A

False, heats with no ion movement so no nerves stimulated.

70
Q

Which law is applied to the principle that the greater the resistance, the more heat is developed?

A

Joule’s Law

71
Q

Is continuous short wave diathermy used in acute, subacute, or chronic injuries?

A

Chronic

72
Q

What is the power output of CSWD?

A

80-120 Watts

73
Q

What is the goal temperature / physiologically effective range of CSWD?

A

37.5-44.0 deg C

74
Q

What is the range the pulse frequency can be in PSWD?

A

1-700 pps

75
Q

What power output is used for PSWD?

A

less than 30 W for non-thermal
greater than 30 W for thermal
up to 120 W

76
Q

T/F: The indications and contraindications are the same for CSWD and PSWD.

A

True

77
Q

What are the four basic currents in electrical stimulation?

A

DC, AC, monophasic, biphasic

78
Q

What are the five modes of TENS?

A

conventional
acupuncture
brief-intense
burst
modulation

79
Q

T/F: A shord pulse duration in TENS, leads to rapid analgesia.

A

True

80
Q

T/F: Galvanic Stimulation is the common name for using DC.

A

True

81
Q

What is a disadvantage of Iontophoresis?

A

electrolysis of NaCl in the body. Potential of burns with small electrodes

82
Q

What is the benefit of low-level Laser?

A

increase mast cell release, promote interleukin-6, decrease dermal necrosis, increase collagen formation, degranulation and myofibroblast conversion, promote wound contraction and tensile strength during remodeling

83
Q

What are the five basic strokes of massage?

A
  1. effleurage
  2. pétrissage
  3. tapotement
  4. vibration
  5. friction
84
Q

What are the main benefits of massage?

A

increase circulation, cell metabolism, venous and lymphatic flow to remove edema, stretch superficial scar tissue, alleiviate soft-tissue adhesions, decrease neuromuscular excitability

85
Q

Which is the most effective massage technique to break up muscle adhesions?

A

Cross-friction

86
Q

T/F: Sustained traction is more effective than intermittant traction for lumbar disc issues?

A

True

87
Q

What is the recommended force for sustained cervical traction?

A

10-30lbs

88
Q

T/F: There are numerous studies showing that sustained traction is better than intermittant traction as a therapeudic modality.

A

False, no studies on traction at all

ATwithEmily (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions