Chapter 7 Flashcards
List 2 examples of nuclear hormone receptors.
Vitamin D receptor
Glucocorticoid receptor
List 2 major enzymes that GPCR activates.
Adenylyl cyclase
Phospholipase C
Name the receptor involved in cell fate determination during lymphocyte developments.
Notch proteins
Name the receptor involved in lymphopoiesis.
Wnt proteins
Name the catalytic tyrosine kinase domain involved in antigen-induced lymphocyte activation.
Src family kinase (SH2 domain-phosphotyrosine interaction)
This signalling molecule recognises specific phospholipids like PIP3.
Pleckstrin homologous (PH) domain
List the adaptor proteins in
1) linking T cell activation
2) B cell linking
3) SH2 domain-containing
4) Grb-2-related
1) LAT
2) BLNK
3) SLP-76
4) GADS
Name the classical prions involved in
1) NLRP3 inflammasome & IL-1 production
2) RIG-1 pathway & type 1 IFN production
1) ASC protein
2) MAVS
Give the ITAMs for the following structures.
1) TCR complex
2) BCR
3) FceRI
4) NK cells
1) CD3 & universal chain
2) Ig alpha & Ig beta
3) Fc receptor
4) NKG2D activating receptor
Name the ITIMs involved in the following structures.
1) T cell
2) B cell
3) other cells
4) NK cells
1) PD-1
2) CD22
3) FcyRIIB
4) Inhibitory NK cell receptors
Define positive selection.
Weak antigen receptor signalling is required for survival of clones expressing functional receptors.
Define negative selection.
Strong signalling is required to induce apoptosis of clones with self-reactive antigen receptors.
Name the monomer that binds to a2 & b2 domains of class II MHC.
CD4
Name the heterodimer that binds to a3 domain of class I MHC.
CD8
Name 2 processes involved in activation of tyrosine kinase & lipid kinase.
ZAP-70 recruitment
PI3-kinase (Itk in T cells & Btk in B cells) activation to generate PIP3
() phosphorylate & activates PKB, contributing to cell survival by inactivating proapoptotic Bcl-2 family.
PDK1 (PIP3-dependent kinase 1)
() serves as a site for signalling molecule turnover, primarily by ubiquitination & delivery to late endosome & lysosome.
c-SMAC
Name 2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathways and the transcription factors that they activate.
Ras pathway in ERK activation
Rac pathway in JNK activation
Name 3 biochemical intermediates involved in calcium signalling pathway.
Phospholipase C
IP3
DAG
Name 3 most critical transcription factors that are activated in regulation of T cell gene expression.
NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells)
AP-1
NF-kB
Cyclosporine blocks () by binding to ().
calcineurin
cyclophilin
Tacrolimus blocks () by binding to ().
Calcineurin
FK506-binding protein (FKBP)
() processes microRNA (miRNA) into pre-miRNA.
Drosha
() processes pre-miRNA into ds-miRNA.
Dicer
Name the tyrosine phosphatase that acts on
1) phosphoproteins
2) inositol phosphatase
3) lymphocyte activation
1) SHP-1 & SHP-2
2) SHIP
3) CD45
Name
1) the best costimulators of CD28
2) costimulators in follicular helper T cell activation
1) B7-1 (CD80) & B7-2 (CD86)
2) ICOS (inducible costimulators)
Mutation of () gene encoding SAP leads to a disease called ().
SH2D1A gene
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP)
Name the B cell receptor for C3d.
Type 2 complement receptor (CR2 or CD21)
Name the B cell receptor complex.
CR2-CD19-CD81
Another name for CD81.
TAPA-1
Inhibitory signalling in lymphocytes is mediated by () & ().
Inhibitory receptors
E3 ubiquitin ligases
Name the inhibitory receptors for
1) NK cells
2) T cells
3) B cells
1) KIR, SHP-1, SHP-2 & SHIP
2) CTLA-4 & PD-1
3) FcyRIIB
Name 2 subgroups of type 1 cytokine receptors.
common y chain aka CD132(IL-2,4,7,9,15,21)
gp130 (IL-6,11,27)
List 5 entities of type 2 cytokine receptors.
Type 1 IFN Type 2 IFN IL-10 IL-20 IL-22
List 5 entities of TNF receptor family.
TNF receptors (TNFRI & TNFRII) CD40 Fas (CD59) Lymphotoxin receptor BAFF receptor family
Name the genetic abnormality that leads to myelodysplastic syndrome with aplastic anemia & polycythemia vera.
Gain-of-function mutation of JAK2
Mutation of common y chain & JAK3 causes ().
SCID
Activating mutations in STAT3 causes ().
Lymphocytic leukemia
State 3 functions of NF-kB.
Inflammation & lymphocyte activation
Cell survival
Secondary lymphoid organs development
Name 2 pathways of NF-kB activation.
Canonical pathway (IL-1b & TNF-a) Non-canonical pathway (BAFF & CD40L)
Name the inhibitor of NF-kB.
IkBa
