Chapter 5

Question 1

Serum lacks which blood components?

Answer 1

Coagulation factors

Question 2

What does letter ‘c’ & ‘ab’ stand for in Fc & Fab regions of antibody?

Answer 2

Crystallisation

Antibody binding

Question 3

Name 2 enzymes involved in proteolytic of IgG.

Answer 3

Papain & pepsin

Question 4

Give 6 entities of Ig superfamily.

Answer 4

IgG
TCR
Class I MHC
CD4
CD28
ICAM-1

Question 5

Name the regions contributing to hypervariability of antibody.
Name the most variable part of it.

Answer 5

CDR (complement determining regions)

CDR3

Question 6

Name the structure contributing to flexibility of antibody.

Answer 6

Hinge region

Question 7

Name 2 classes of light chain of antibody.

Answer 7

Kappa

Lambda

Question 8

() stabilises multimeric complexes & transport multimers across epithelial cells.

Answer 8

Joining (J) chain

Question 9

() antibody recognises CDR of another antibody.

Answer 9

Anti-idiotypic

Question 10

Function of IgA.

Answer 10

Mucosal immunity

Question 11

Function of IgD.

Answer 11

B cell antigen receptor

Question 12

Function of IgE.

Answer 12

Defense against helminthic parasites

Immediate hypersensitivity

Question 13

Function of IgG.

Answer 13

Opsonisation
Complement activation
ADCC
Neonatal immunity 
Feedback inhibition of B cells

Question 14

Function of IgM.

Answer 14

Naive B cell antigen receptor (monomeric form)

Complement activation

Question 15

Name the antibody which has the longest and shortest half-life.

Answer 15

Longest half-life (IgG, 23 days)

Shortest half-life (IgE, 2 days)

Question 16

Define hybridoma.

Answer 16

Hybrids of normal B cells & myeloma tumour which contain cDNA encoding for monoclonal antibodies.

Question 17

Synthesis, assembly & expression of Ig molecules are regulated by this group of proteins found in endoplasmic reticulum. What is the collective name for this protein & name its 2 entities.

Answer 17

Chaperones

Calnexin & Binding protein (BiP)

Question 18

Define class switching.

Answer 18

Expression of Ig heavy chain isotopes other than IgM & IgG.

Question 19

Define affinity maturation.

Answer 19

Introduction of new amino acid substitution into variable domains of antibody heavy & light chains to create high affinity antibodies.

Question 20

Why does IgG have the longest half-life?

Answer 20

IgG is able to bind to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) which is also involved for IgG transport from maternal circulation across placental barrier.

Question 21

Which IgG have the longest half-life with most efficient effector functions?

Answer 21

IgG1 & IgG2

Question 22

Which IgG has the shortest half-life & why?

Answer 22

IgG3 as it binds poorly to FcRn

Question 23

Define affinity.

Answer 23

Strength of binding between a single combining site of an antibody & epitope.

Question 24

Define avidity.

Answer 24

Overall strength of attachment

Question 25

Name 3 zones involved in immune complex formations.

Answer 25

Zone of antigen excess
Zone of equivalence
Zone of antibody excess

Question 26

Name 3 types of antigenic determinant natures.

Answer 26

Linear epitopes (denaturation)
Conformational epitopes (denaturation)
Neoantigenic determinant (proteolysis)