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Abbas' Immunology Recap > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does neutrophils mount rapid transient immune response?

How does that differ from macrophage?

A

Through cytoskeleton rearrangement & enzyme assembly

Macrophage relies mostly on new gene transcription.

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2
Q

Which cell kills by rapidly induce assembly of phagocyte oxidase (ROS) in respiratory burst?

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

Which cell kills by induction of nitric oxide following transcription of iNOS?

A

Macrophage

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4
Q

Which cell induces NET formation & lysosomal enzyme secretion?

A

Neutrophils

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5
Q

Name 3 types of monocytes & their respective CD.

A

Classical (M1, CD14++CD16-)
Intermediate (CD14++CD16+)
Non-classical (M2, CD14+CD16++)

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6
Q

Name the macrophages involved in pro-inflammatory & anti-inflammatory responses.

A

M1 macrophage in pro-inflammatory response (classical activation)

M2 macrophage in anti-inflammatory response (alternative activation)

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7
Q

Is mast cell circulating in bloodstream?

A

No. Mast cells reside in skin & mucosal epithelial.

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8
Q

Which stem cell factor is essential for mast cell development?

A

c-Kit ligand

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9
Q

Which molecules are stored in mast cell’s preformed granules?

A 
Vasoactive amines (vasodilation & smooth muscle contraction)
Proteases (tissue damage)
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10
Q

What mediators are secreted by mast cell upon activation?

A

Histamine (vasodilation & increased capillary permeability)
Leukotriene (smooth muscle contraction)
TNF (leukocyte recruitment)
Heparin (generate bradykinin via FXII activation)

*FXII aka Hageman Factor

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11
Q

Which cells express high-affinity FceR for IgE?

A

Mast cell
Eosinophils
Basophils

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12
Q

Which circulating granulocyte shares structural & functional similarities to mast cells?

A

Basophils (just that basophils are blood-circulating while mast cells are not)

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13
Q

Which molecule is found inside eosinophil granules?

A

Major basic protein

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14
Q

Maturation of dendritic cells depends on which cytokines?

A

Flt3 ligand

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15
Q 
All DCs express both class I & II MHC molecules.
True or false.
A

True

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16
Q

Name 3 subsets of dendritic cell & the respective cytokines produced.

A

Classical/conventional DC

  • major DC (IL-12 in both innate &adaptive immunity)
  • cross-presenting DC (IL-23 in adaptive immunity)
Plasmacytoid DC (Type I IFN in antiviral immunity aka priming)
- the major producer of Type I IFN
17
Q

Which transcription factor is the most potent in driving CD4+ T cell response?

A

IRF4 (in major subset of DC with high expression of BDCA-1/CD1c)

18
Q

Name the most numerous B lymphocyte.

A

Follicular B cells

19
Q

List the selected phenotype markers in the following T cells.

  • helper T cell
  • cytotoxic T cell
  • regulatory T cell
  • natural killer T cell
  • gamma delta T cell
  • MAIT cell
A 
Helper T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
Cytotoxic T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
Regulatory T cell (CD3, 4, 8, FoxP3 [commonest])
NKT cell (CD3, CD56 & CD16)
Gamma delta T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
MAIT cell (CD3, 8)
20
Q

Which cell binds to glycolipid-CD1 complex?

A

NKT cell

21
Q

Which cell shows specificity for bacterial metabolites?

A

MAIT cells

22
Q

Which B cell has IgD, Fc receptor, class II MHC, CD19 & CD23?

A

Follicular B cell

23
Q

Which B cell shows IgD, IgM & CD27 only.

A

Marginal zone B cell

24
Q

Which B cell shows IgD, IgM, CD43, CD20, CD27 but negative CD70?

A

B-1 cell

25
Q

Which cytokines are essential for naive T and B cell survival?

A

IL-7 for naive T cell survival

BAFF for naive B cell survival

26
Q

Which cell exhibits cell cycling?

A

Effector lymphocytes

27
Q

Which T lymphocyte (naive/effector/memory) expresses the highest:

1) IL-2R
2) L-selection
3) IL-7R
4) Adhesion molecules (integrins, CD4c)
5) CCR7
6) Major CD45 isoforms

A

1) effector
2) naive
3) memory
4) effector & memory
5) naive
6) CD45RA for naive & effector; CD45RO for memory

28
Q

Expression of which CD is high or low in plasmablast?

A

Low CD19 & CD20

High CD27 & CD38

29
Q

Which transcription factor maintains naive T cell phenotypes?

A

KLF-2

Kruppel-like factor 2

30
Q

Which surface markers are present on hematopoietic stem cells?

A

CD34

c-Kit

31
Q

Which cytokines is required for early development of T cells?

A

IL-7

32
Q

Which cell presents self antigen to developing T cells to cause their elimination?

A

Medullary thymic epithelial cell (MTEC)

33
Q

Where can Hassall corpuscle be found?

A

Medulla of thymus (remnant of degenerating cells)

34
Q

What disease causes athymia?

A

DiGeorge syndrome (C22q11.2 deletion)

35
Q

Which chemokines promote chemotaxis of naive T cells from blood to lymph node T cell zone through HEV?

A

Naive T cell expresses CCR7 that binds chemokine CCL19 & CCL21 (expressed by FRC & lymphatic endothelial cells)

36
Q

Which cytokines promote chemotaxis of naive B cell to lymph node?

A

Naive B cell expresses CXCR5 which recognises CXCL13 produced by follicular DC.

37
Q

Another name for T cell zone in red pulp of spleen.

A

PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath)

38
Q

List 5 types of MALT.

A 
GALT/Peyer’s patches
BALT
NALT
OALT
DALT

Abbas' Immunology Recap (8 decks)

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