Chapter 2 Flashcards
How does neutrophils mount rapid transient immune response?
How does that differ from macrophage?
Through cytoskeleton rearrangement & enzyme assembly
Macrophage relies mostly on new gene transcription.
Which cell kills by rapidly induce assembly of phagocyte oxidase (ROS) in respiratory burst?
Neutrophils
Which cell kills by induction of nitric oxide following transcription of iNOS?
Macrophage
Which cell induces NET formation & lysosomal enzyme secretion?
Neutrophils
Name 3 types of monocytes & their respective CD.
Classical (M1, CD14++CD16-)
Intermediate (CD14++CD16+)
Non-classical (M2, CD14+CD16++)
Name the macrophages involved in pro-inflammatory & anti-inflammatory responses.
M1 macrophage in pro-inflammatory response (classical activation)
M2 macrophage in anti-inflammatory response (alternative activation)
Is mast cell circulating in bloodstream?
No. Mast cells reside in skin & mucosal epithelial.
Which stem cell factor is essential for mast cell development?
c-Kit ligand
Which molecules are stored in mast cell’s preformed granules?
Vasoactive amines (vasodilation & smooth muscle contraction) Proteases (tissue damage)
What mediators are secreted by mast cell upon activation?
Histamine (vasodilation & increased capillary permeability)
Leukotriene (smooth muscle contraction)
TNF (leukocyte recruitment)
Heparin (generate bradykinin via FXII activation)
*FXII aka Hageman Factor
Which cells express high-affinity FceR for IgE?
Mast cell
Eosinophils
Basophils
Which circulating granulocyte shares structural & functional similarities to mast cells?
Basophils (just that basophils are blood-circulating while mast cells are not)
Which molecule is found inside eosinophil granules?
Major basic protein
Maturation of dendritic cells depends on which cytokines?
Flt3 ligand
All DCs express both class I & II MHC molecules. True or false.
True
Name 3 subsets of dendritic cell & the respective cytokines produced.
Classical/conventional DC
- major DC (IL-12 in both innate &adaptive immunity)
- cross-presenting DC (IL-23 in adaptive immunity)
Plasmacytoid DC (Type I IFN in antiviral immunity aka priming) - the major producer of Type I IFN
Which transcription factor is the most potent in driving CD4+ T cell response?
IRF4 (in major subset of DC with high expression of BDCA-1/CD1c)
Name the most numerous B lymphocyte.
Follicular B cells
List the selected phenotype markers in the following T cells.
- helper T cell
- cytotoxic T cell
- regulatory T cell
- natural killer T cell
- gamma delta T cell
- MAIT cell
Helper T cell (CD3, 4, 8) Cytotoxic T cell (CD3, 4, 8) Regulatory T cell (CD3, 4, 8, FoxP3 [commonest]) NKT cell (CD3, CD56 & CD16) Gamma delta T cell (CD3, 4, 8) MAIT cell (CD3, 8)
Which cell binds to glycolipid-CD1 complex?
NKT cell
Which cell shows specificity for bacterial metabolites?
MAIT cells
Which B cell has IgD, Fc receptor, class II MHC, CD19 & CD23?
Follicular B cell
Which B cell shows IgD, IgM & CD27 only.
Marginal zone B cell
Which B cell shows IgD, IgM, CD43, CD20, CD27 but negative CD70?
B-1 cell
Which cytokines are essential for naive T and B cell survival?
IL-7 for naive T cell survival
BAFF for naive B cell survival
Which cell exhibits cell cycling?
Effector lymphocytes
Which T lymphocyte (naive/effector/memory) expresses the highest:
1) IL-2R
2) L-selection
3) IL-7R
4) Adhesion molecules (integrins, CD4c)
5) CCR7
6) Major CD45 isoforms
1) effector
2) naive
3) memory
4) effector & memory
5) naive
6) CD45RA for naive & effector; CD45RO for memory
Expression of which CD is high or low in plasmablast?
Low CD19 & CD20
High CD27 & CD38
Which transcription factor maintains naive T cell phenotypes?
KLF-2
Kruppel-like factor 2
Which surface markers are present on hematopoietic stem cells?
CD34
c-Kit
Which cytokines is required for early development of T cells?
IL-7
Which cell presents self antigen to developing T cells to cause their elimination?
Medullary thymic epithelial cell (MTEC)
Where can Hassall corpuscle be found?
Medulla of thymus (remnant of degenerating cells)
What disease causes athymia?
DiGeorge syndrome (C22q11.2 deletion)
Which chemokines promote chemotaxis of naive T cells from blood to lymph node T cell zone through HEV?
Naive T cell expresses CCR7 that binds chemokine CCL19 & CCL21 (expressed by FRC & lymphatic endothelial cells)
Which cytokines promote chemotaxis of naive B cell to lymph node?
Naive B cell expresses CXCR5 which recognises CXCL13 produced by follicular DC.
Another name for T cell zone in red pulp of spleen.
PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath)
List 5 types of MALT.
GALT/Peyer’s patches BALT NALT OALT DALT
