Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
glands
A
- the signal makers and senders of the endocrine system
- they are located throughout your body, including in your brain, in the area above your kidneys, in your genitals and in the front part of your neck
2
Q
How are glands linked to the nervous system?
A
via the hypothalamus
3
Q
What is the main role of the hypothalamus
A
direct the activity of the pituitary gland.
- a structure in your brain that makes and releases many hormones into the blood that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland
4
Q
Releasing Hormones
A
when the hypothalamus causes the pituitary to make and release its chemical signals via chemicals
ex-gonadotropin-releasing hormone
5
Q
How many parts make up the pituitary gland? Explain them.
A
two
- anterior pituitary (front)
- posterior pituitary(back)
6
Q
anterior pituitary
A
-the origin for may very important hormones. these hormones travel by blood and stimulate many other endocrine glands, including your thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads
7
Q
Thyroid Gland
A
- located in the front part of your neck resting just below the Adam’s apple
- makes hormones (T3 and T4) that affect the body’s metabolism, as well as hormone that helps control the level of calcium in the blood.
8
Q
Parathyroid Glands
A
- located just behind the thyroid gland
- make a hormone that works along with the thyroid hormone to control the blood’s calcium level
9
Q
Pancreas
A
- sits just under your stomach, is both an endocrine gland and gastrointestinal organ
- as an endocrine gland, it sends hormones directly into the blood stream that helps keep the blood sugar level in balance. (secretes insulin and glucagon)
- as a gastrointestinal organ, it secretes enzymes by ducts (exocrine) directly into your intestines to help with digestion
10
Q
Adrenal Gland
A
-gets its name from its location
-lies on top of your kidneys
-has an inner layer that makes the fight or flight hormone, adrenaline
-its outer most layer, or cortex, makes two general types of hormones
one keeps mineral levels in balance and also maintains the proper volume of water and salt in the blood.
the other keeps blood sugar levels in balance and affects your body’s response to inflammation
11
Q
Gonads
A
help with reproduction and with expression of male and female characteristics
- male gonads are the testes/they produce testosterone
- female gonads are the ovaries/they secrete estrogens, which help the body develop female attributes and help prepare the body for pregnancy
12
Q
aden/o
Root
A
gland
13
Q
adren/o
Root
A
adrenal gland
14
Q
adrenal/o
Root
A
adrenal gland
15
Q
cortic/o
Root
A
outer surface
16
Q
gonad/o
Root
A
gonads (sex organs)
17
Q
pancreat/o
Root
A
pancreas
18
Q
pituitar/o
Root
A
pituitary gland
19
Q
hypophys/o
Root
A
pituitary gland
20
Q
thym/o
Root
A
thymus
21
Q
thyr/o
Root
A
thyroid
22
Q
thyroid/o
Root
A
thyroid
23
Q
gluc/o
Root
A
sugar
24
Q
glucos/o
Root
A
sugar
25
glyc/o
| Root
sugar
26
crin/o
| Root
to secrete
27
Calcitonin
- a hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium in the blood into bone
- keeps the level of calcium in the blood from getting too high
28
Parathyroid Hormone
- it helps keep the level of calcium in the blood from getting too low.
- made in the parathyroid gland
29
insulin
- decreases the level of sugar in the blood
| - it encourages cells to open up to the blood sugar (glucose) and take it in
30
Glucagon
- works against insulin
| - it tells the liver to make more sugar and thus increases the level of sugar in the blood
31
What does the inner part of the adrenal gland create?
epinephrine-which was once known as adrenaline-secreted by the medulla
- increases your heart rate
- opens your airways to get more oxygen
Norepinephrine- causes similar changes
32
What does the outer part of the adrenal gland (cortex) create?
ACTH stimulates the cortex to release corticosteroids, which are steroid hormones made in the cortex.
- mineralocorticoids
- glucocorticoids
- testosterone and estrogen
33
What are the two types of Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids-hormones dealing with mineral balance
Glucocorticoids-hormones dealing with sugar balance
34
Glycemia
checking the glucose level in the blood
35
Hyperglycemia
high glucose level in the blood
36
Hypoglycemia
low glucose level in the blood
37
Euglycemia
normal glucose level in the blood
38
hormon/o
| Root
hormone
hormone could be defined as a biochemical
39
ket/o
| Root
ketone body
40
-tropin
| Suffix
stimulating hormone
41
-emia
| Suffix
blood condition (test)
42
-uria
| Suffix
urine condition (analyisis)
43
viril
man
44
arche
beginning
45
hirsutism
latin- shaggy
abnormal hair growth
46
meno
menstrual
47
gyneco
woman
48
mast
breast
49
ism
condition
50
ia
condition
51
a
no
52
algia
pain
53
men
menstrural
54
thel
breast
55
em
blood
56
ic
pertaining to
57
poly
excessive
58
dips
thirst
59
phag
eat
60
acro
extremities
61
galacto
milk
62
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by under secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
63
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by over secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
64
ex
out
65
opthalmos
eye
66
megaly
abnormal enlargement
67
goiter
latin- gutter meaning throat
68
cele
tumor
69
ptosis
drooping condition
70
acid
acid
71
alkal
alkali
72
calci
calcium
73
eu
good
74
cholesterol
cholesterol
75
kal
potassium
76
lipid
fat
77
natr
sodium
78
phosphat
phosphate
79
ad
on
80
epi
upon
81
renal
kidney
82
nephr
kidney
83
cortico
cortex
84
trop
stimulating
85
agon
lead
86
oid
resembling
87
insul
island
88
in
chemical
89
neo
new
90
lysis
loosen
91
penia
deficiency
92
genesis
formation
93
meta
over
94
bol
throw
95
endo
inside
96
crino
secretion
97
crine
secretion
98
exo
outside
99
chol
bile
100
scop
looking
101
retro
backward
102
grade
step
103
angio
vessel
104
graphy
writing process
105
in
not
106
oisis
condition
107
sufficiency
adequate
108
itis
inflammation
109
al
pertaining to
110
plasia
formation
111
con
with
112
genit
birth
113
diabetes mellitus
pass through honey
114
diabet
diabetes
115
drome
running
116
syn
together
117
pathy
disease
118
dys
bad
119
pseudo
false
120
cyst
cyst
121
lith
stone
122
iasis
presence
123
pan
all
124
farc
stuff
125
para
beside
126
carcin
cancers
127
oma
tumor
128
continuous
continuous
129
sub
beneath
130
fus
pour
131
ion
process
132
toxin
poison
133
genic diet
creating
134
laparo
abdomen
135
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
-stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland
(pituitary gland releases hormones' the ACTH gets released from the adrenal gland through the blood stream and to the cortex)
136
BS
blood sugar
137
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
138
DI
diabetes insipidus
139
DM
diabetes mellitus
140
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
141
FBS
fasting blood sugar
142
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
143
GH
growth hormone
144
GTT
glucose tolerance test
145
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)
146
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
147
TFT
thyroid function test
148
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone (aka thyrotropin)
-secreted by the pituitary released into the bloodstream travels to the thyroid and causes the thyroid to secrete-thyroid secretes T3 and T4 calcitonin
149
T3
triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
-hyperthyroidism
150
T4
thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
-hypothyroidism
151
What is the overall function of the endocrine system?
to maintain homeostasis
- adjust nutrient levels
- respond to the environment
- direct growth and nourishment
152
Endocrine system organs function by...?
- sending signals to other organs
- receiving signals from other organs
- changing their behavior based on the signals
signals are sent from on organ to another via the blood stream
153
tropic
nutrition?
154
What does the pituitary gland do?
secretes hormones into the blood that act on other organs
155
Luteninizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulate gonads
-secreted by the pituitary gland, travel all the way down to the pelvic region and stimulate the gonads
156
How are hormone levels detected?
by measuring blood concentration levels of nutrients
- hyperglycemia
- hypoglycemia
- euglycemia
can also measure endocrine function by urinalysis
- glucosuria
- ketonuria
157
poiesis
to make
158
chlor
chloride
159
hemat
blood
