Chapter 7 & 8: Questions Flashcards
All of the following contribute evidence for a dissociation between explicit and implicit memory EXCEPT that
a.
there is a dissociation between the primacy and recency effect in the serial position curve.
b.
people sometimes treat a familiar name as famous because they have retained their implicit memory of it but lost their explicit memory of where they saw it.
c.
Damage to the amygdala impairs fear learning, but leave direct tests of memory intact.
d.
patient H.M. failed to remember performing the “reverse star maze”, despite showing improvement over repeat testing sessions.
a.
there is a dissociation between the primacy and recency effect in the serial position curve.
Eli can remember what he did last week, but he cannot remember the birth of his cousin (which happened immediately before Eli received a head injury in a motorcycle accident). What is Eli’s condition?
a.
anterograde amnesia
b.
retrograde amnesia
c.
Korsakoff’s syndrome
d.
Capgras syndrome
b.
retrograde amnesia
Which of the following is NOT true regarding recall performance?
a.
Recall performance is usually less good than recognition performance.
b.
Recall performance benefits from context reinstatement.
c.
Whether a clue about a word’s sound is more helpful for recall than a clue about its meaning depends on how the word was thought of when it was learned.
d.
Physical context is more important in recall than psychological context.
d.
Physical context is more important in recall than psychological context.
Theories of spreading activation assume that activating one node will lead to
a.
activation of nodes selected by the central executive.
b.
activation of all nodes connected to the one that was activated at first.
c.
a subset of connected nodes being activated.
d.
unconnected nodes being suppressed.
b.
activation of all nodes connected to the one that was activated at first.
Damage to the __________ tends to result in __________.
a.
amygdala; unilateral neglect
b.
amygdala; anterograde amnesia
c.
hippocampus; anterograde amnesia
d.
hippocampus; unilateral neglect
c.
hippocampus; anterograde amnesia
Which hypothesis about forgetting points to the fact that over time, relevant brain cells die off and connections between memories gradually weaken?
a.
decay hypothesis
b.
retrieval-failure hypothesis
c.
misinformation hypothesis
d.
interference hypothesis
a.
decay hypothesis
Abigail saw the stimulus “cla–” and was asked to think of a word that began with these letters. This task is called
a.
a lexical decision.
b.
word-stem completion.
c.
semantic priming.
d.
explicit memory.
b.
word-stem completion.
When asked, “What is the capital of South Dakota?” participants who cannot initially remember the answer often show improved recall when given the prompt, “Is it perhaps a man’s name?” This phenomenon is best explained by
a.
implicit memory.
b.
context reinstatement.
c.
spreading activation.
d.
priming.
c.
spreading activation.
What is the clearest advantage of connecting new information to prior knowledge in several different ways?
a.
It attaches the new material in memory more securely, so the neurons are less likely to decay.
b.
It opens the way for state-dependent learning to take place.
c.
It improves your implicit memory for the information.
d.
It allows the information to be accessed from multiple retrieval paths.
d.
It allows the information to be accessed from multiple retrieval paths.
The process in which structural changes occur at a synapse due to activity at the synapse and lead to facilitated processing of information at the synapse is referred to as what?
a.
long-term depression
b.
long-term potentiation
c.
encoding specificity
d.
priming
b.
long-term potentiation
A study has a “2x2” design, in which half the participants read a passage in a boat and the other half read the same passage on a train and then all are tested for recall of the passage in either the environment they learned in or the other environment. Based on previous studies, what results would you expect?
a.
All people tested in the boat would have better recall than all people tested on the train.
b.
Recall performance would be best for people whose testing environment matched their learning environment.
c.
All people whose learning environment was the boat would have better recall than all people whose learning environment was the train.
d.
People would have better recall when tested in an environment different than the one in which they learned.
b.
Recall performance would be best for people whose testing environment matched their learning environment.
During memory consolidation, memories shift from the ______________ to the _____________.
a.
amygdala, cortex
b.
hippocampus, amygdala
c.
hippocampus, cortex
d.
cortex, hippocampus
c.
hippocampus, cortex
Which of the following statements about memory over the lifespan is most accurate?
a.
Most people can remember events from when they were younger than 3 years old.
b.
Most adults have particularly clear and detailed memories of their late teens and 20s.
c.
People are most likely to remember the most recent decade of their lives, regardless of their age.
d.
Most people have relatively few memories from their high school years.
b.
Most adults have particularly clear and detailed memories of their late teens and 20s.
A question like, “What’s the name of the waiter?” requires __________; a question like, “Isn’t that the guy we usually see on the bus?” requires __________.
a.
recall; recognition
b.
recognition; recall
c.
context dependent memory; familiarity
d.
familiarity; context dependent memory
a.
recall; recognition
According to interference theory, most forgetting is attributable to the fact that
a.
due to a change in perspective, you lose paths to the information.
b.
emotion causes the disruption of memories acquired earlier.
c.
memories and memory connections fade with time.
d.
new learning disrupts, or overwrites, old learning.
d.
new learning disrupts, or overwrites, old learning.
