Chapter 5: Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is a failure of selective attention?
A. You are in the basement ironing and you hear the phone unexpectedly ringing upstairs.
B. You are able to talk on the cell phone while driving.
C. While you are working on your problem set in the living room, you are thrown off track when your sister changes the TV channel.
D. While upstairs talking to your best friend, you pretend not to hear your mother calling you to dinner.
C. While you are working on your problem set in the living room, you are thrown off track when your sister changes the TV channel.
Most participants in a dichotic listening task are…
A. unable to describe physical features like the pitch of the stimulus in the unattended channel.
B. unable to report the semantic content of the stimulus in the attended channel.
C. usually able to report most of the semantic content of the stimulus in the unattended channel.
D. often able to notice personally relevant words like their names in the unattended channel.
D. often able to notice personally relevant words like their names in the unattended channel.
Participants are asked to report the shape of a visual stimulus that appears on the left side of a screen. Simultaneous with the presentation of this target stimulus, a second visual stimulus is flashed on the screen. Based on our understanding of inattentional blindness, which of the following is NOT sufficient to make the participants notice the second stimulus?
A. Participants are told beforehand where, but not when, the second stimulus will appear.
B. Participants are told beforehand only that something else might appear.
C. Participants’ attention is directed to the place where the second stimulus will appear.
D. Participants’ eyes are oriented toward the place where the second stimulus will appear.
D. Participants’ eyes are oriented toward the place where the second stimulus will appear.
When listening intently to one message, you are likely to detect your name if it is spoken in a different message. This is likely to be because your name
A. conforms to common English phoneme patterns.
B. is a stimulus for which you are well primed and is salient to you.
C. is not “filtered” in any way by attention.
D. is said loudly enough to be clearly perceived.
B. is a stimulus for which you are well primed and is salient to you.
In a study of spatial attention, participants were given a neutral, correct, or misleading cue about where on the screen a stimulus would appear. What is the best explanation for what happened on trials with misleading cues?
A. There were no costs because spatial attention is not a limited-capacity system.
B. There were no costs because, although spatial attention is limited, the resources required for the task did not exceed its limits.
C. There were costs because the spotlight of attention had moved to the misled location and had to move back.
D. There were costs because the eyes had moved to the misled location and had to move back.
C. There were costs because the spotlight of attention had moved to the misled location and had to move back.
Fire alarms are designed to control attention __________, but outside such demanding stimuli, one can often control his or her own attention __________.
A. exogenously; endogenously
B. endogenously; exogenously
C. exogenously; externally
D. endogenously; internally
A. exogenously; endogenously
Patients with unilateral neglect resulting from damage to the right hemisphere will
A. fail to perceive anything in the right visual field.
B. disengage from a visual stimulus as it moves from the left to right visual field.
C. read only the right half of words shown to them.
D. only complete half of everything they set out to do.
C. read only the right half of words shown to them.
Which of the following drivers is most likely to get into an accident?
A. a novice driver engaged in an important phone interview
B. an experienced driver talking on a cell phone with a good friend
C. a novice driver talking on a cell phone with a good friend
D. an experienced driver on a cell phone who is engaged in an important phone interview
A. a novice driver engaged in an important phone interview
Which of the following is NOT a reason why performance might improve with practice?
A. Practice allows us to find the best choice among competing responses.
B. With practice, individual elements of a task draw more on our resources.
C. Memorization is facilitated by repeated exposure.
D. As each aspect of a response is automatized, more resources become available for the next aspect.
B. With practice, individual elements of a task draw more on our resources.
Some resources are task-specific and others are task-general. Which of the following is a task-specific resource?
A. memory
B. an energy supply needed for mental tasks
C. verbal resources for tasks involving words
D. executive control to override habitual responses
C. verbal resources for tasks involving words
___________ is the process by which the mind chooses from among the various stimuli that strike the senses at any given moment.
A. Perception
B. Attention
C. Unilateral Neglect
D. Conceptualization
B. Attention
An early selection model that proposes a filter completely rejects the unattended message at an early stage of processing.
A. Broadbent’s Model
B. Attenuation Theory
C. Posner’s Model
D. Stroop Interference
A. Broadbent’s Model
An early selection model that posits the filter only weakens the unattended inputs rather than eliminating them completely.
A. Broadbent’s Model
B. Attenuation Theory
C. Posner’s Model
D. Stroop Interference
B. Attenuation Theory
Studies of visuospatial attention generally show that attending to the left or right side of a computer screen has what effect in the brain.
A. increase in ipsilateral activity
B. increase in contralateral activity
C. increase in bilateral activity
D. decrease in bilateral activity
B. increase in contralateral activity
Which attention system in the brain is associated with the top-down control of attention?
A. Dorsal Attention Network
B. Middle Attention Network
C. Medial Attention Network
D. Ventral Attention Network
A. Dorsal Attention Network
