Chapter 6: Questions Flashcards
The holding capacity of (verbal) working memory is often said to be
a.
4 plus-or-minus 2.
b.
7 plus-or-minus 2.
c.
5 plus-or-minus 2.
d.
15 plus-or-minus 2.
b.
7 plus-or-minus 2.
Which group would perform the best on a memory test?
a.
Participants engaged in shallow processing without the previous warning of a memory test.
b.
Participants engaged in moderate processing with the previous warning of a memory test.
c.
Participants engaged in deep processing without the previous warning of a memory test.
d.
Participants engaged in shallow processing with the previous warning of a memory test.
c.
Participants engaged in deep processing without the previous warning of a memory test.
Someone with a larger working-memory capacity is likely to perform better than someone with a smaller working-memory capacity on all of the following tasks EXCEPT
a.
following directions.
b.
efficient reading.
c.
learning a computer language.
d.
Recognizing faces.
d.
Recognizing faces.
You decide to order pizza and look up the number for a local pizza place. You repeat the number to yourself, but just before you dial the number, you are interrupted by a text from your friend. You quickly read the text, but then realize you have forgotten the number. The text led you to forget the number because the number was
a.
not rehearsed.
b.
not encoded into working memory.
c.
displaced from working memory.
d.
elaborated.
c.
displaced from working memory.
In using the rehearsal loop, the central executive is directly involved in the step of
a.
subvocalizing the items in the list to be remembered.
b.
planning the end-goal of the rehearsal.
c.
storage of both visual and verbal information due to its central position
d.
storing visual information, such as mental images.
b.
planning the end-goal of the rehearsal.
Which statement about working memory is FALSE?
a.
It has a limited storage capacity.
b.
It functions mainly as a storage container.
c.
Information in it is fragile and easily lost.
d.
It refers mainly to the resources that make up the central executive and its helpers.
b.
It functions mainly as a storage container.
All of the following statements accurately describe the effects of mnemonics EXCEPT that they
a.
can impose organization on a list that does not have its own intrinsic organization.
b.
facilitate deep processing connections between new material and prior knowledge.
c.
can help to recall, not only items, but also their serial order in the list.
d.
can be detrimental if you wish to have many retrieval paths to the information.
b.
facilitate deep processing connections between new material and prior knowledge.
Long-term memory is to working memory as __________ is to __________.
a.
an open file on your computer; the monitor on your computer
b.
a printed copy of a file; a file stored on a CD
c.
a keyboard on your computer; the cursor on your computer
d.
a file stored on a hard drive; an open document you are working on
d.
a file stored on a hard drive; an open document you are working on
All of the following are examples of shallow processing EXCEPT?
a.
determining if a word is in italics or not
b.
determining if a word contains more than 4 letters
c.
determining if a word represents an animate or inanimate object
d.
determining if the word contains the letter “e”
c.
determining if a word represents an animate or inanimate object
Marla is given the following list of words in the following order: “giraffe, bird, alligator, lion, eagle, gorilla.” She is likely to remember the word “giraffe” because of
a.
the encoding effect.
b.
elaborative processing.
c.
the primacy effect.
d.
relational mnemonics.
c.
the primacy effect.
The short-term storage of verbal materials is often supported by the rehearsal loop. The short-term storage of mental images is accomplished by
a.
the operation span.
b.
the visual-cortex loop.
c.
the visuospatial buffer.
d.
perseveration.
c.
the visuospatial buffer.
On her way home, Veronica decided to go to the grocery store but couldn’t write a shopping list because she was driving. She came up with several possible ways to remember what she needed to buy (listed in the answer choices). Which of her ideas is NOT a simple mnemonic strategy?
a.
using the peg-word system to associate different items on the shopping list with words in an easy-to-remember rhyme
b.
imagining what she can cook with all of the items on the list and imagining what all the food would taste like
c.
imagining her drive to school and associating items on the list with prominent landmarks she passes every day
d.
using the first-letter technique to make a word or phrase composed of the first letter of each item from the list
b.
imagining what she can cook with all of the items on the list and imagining what all the food would taste like
Maintenance rehearsal is
a.
an efficient and effective way to enter information into long-term memory.
b.
well suited for delayed recall, but only if you knew were going to be tested.
c.
poorly suited for delayed recall, even if you knew you would be tested.
d.
well suited for delayed recall, but only if you don’t know you are going to be tested.
c.
poorly suited for delayed recall, even if you knew you would be tested.
What is the capacity for simple visual objects (such as colored shapes) in working memory?
a.
about 7
b.
about 15
c.
an infinite number of objects can be held in working memory
d.
about 4
d.
about 4
What is an advantage of trying to learn something using deep (meaning-related) processing rather than strategies like mnemonics?
a.
It helps keep track of the order of learned items.
b.
It is better at preventing the “remembering” of details that were never actually present but fit with the meaning of the items.
c.
It creates more retrieval paths for the memory.
d.
It relies less on having background knowledge about the topic being learned.
c.
It creates more retrieval paths for the memory.
