Chapter 7 & 8 Flashcards
condition of active infection of bronchial tree
acute bronchitis
What moves air out of lungs during relaxed ehalation?
nothing - passive process
predominant symptom of acute bronchitis
a persistent cough
causative agent for common cold
large group of viruses
most effective treatment option for cold
extra rest, drinking lots of fluids, good nutrition
how does the flu vaccine work
updated every year
alveoli fill with mucus - oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange is impaired - pleural membranes become scarred & stick together
pneumonia
pneumonia contracted in a hospital called
nosocomial infection
condition involving inflammation of nasal sinuses b/c of bacteria, virus, or fungus
infections sinusitis
bacterial infection beginning in respiratory tract but may affect other tissues - slow growing and potentially life-threatening
tuberculosis
true about the relationship between HIV and tuberculosis
HIV major risk factor for TB - risk that latent TB will become active
breathing during asthma attack
inhaling is not difficult but exhaling is extremely limited
progressive, irreversible condition involves irritation to bronchi & bronchioles
Chronic bronchitis
complication develops when heart has to work hard to push blood through the pulmonary circuit
cor pulmonale
alveoli break down and fuse forming large bullae in lungs
emphysema
elastin in bronchioles and alveoli breaks down, must recruit muscular activity to exhale
COPD
How does cystic fibrosis affect respiratory function
thick sticky secretions of mucus
person with cystic fibrosis should
carefully exercise to maintain lung funtion
lung cancer metastasizes readily because
cells have easy access to circulatory & lymph systems
Percentage of calories used for respiration at rest
5%
Why no single vaccine for colds/flue
the virus mutates quickly
synonym for common cold
viral rhinitis
causative agent for pneumonia
mycoplasma
form of sinusitis most appropriate for massage
non-infectious
most common form of pneumonia - bacteria or complication of the flu
community-acquired pneumonia
valves that border the stomach
esophageal valve is proximal & pyloric valve is distal
digestive material crossing the cecum - what is left to absorb
water
what does the portal system do?
delivers blood with digestion products to the liver
what does the gallbladder do
bile, stores and concentrates it
condition where body creates inflammatory response to presence of gluten
celiac disease
most successful treatment for celiac disease
avoid gluten
cancer beginning in proximal end of esophagus associated with
smoking & alcohol
what are bacteria associated with food poisoning
salmonella, shigella, campylobacter & E. coli
primary symptoms of gastroenteritis
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
gastric juices splash into unprotected esophagus causing structural changes and risk of esophageal cancer
GERD
structure damaged or weakened when GERD occurs
lower esophageal valve
massage for GERD
only energy work & avoid overestimating client
bacterium associated with peptic ulcers
H. pylori
How do NSAIDs contribute to peptic ulcers
inhibit production of prostaglandins & mucus
what complication results if peptic ulcer perforates
peritonitis
Why is stomach cancer difficult to detect early?
symptoms aren’t noticeable until tumor is large enough to obstruct food
colorectal cancer is usually preceded by
colon polyps
colorectal cancer often not diagnosed until it is advanced because
testing is invasive & people don’t get it checked
when do diverticulae form
large bowel peristalsis occurs without adequate bulk to press against
drainage channels grown near hollow organs when chronic inflammation is present in large intestine
fistulas
irritable bowl syndrome
chronic inflammation condition
conditions which overlap irritable bowel syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome & fibromyalgia
alternating constipation and diarrhea often related to stress
Irritable bowel syndrome
healthy liver cells replaced with scrambled, disorganized connective tissue
cirrhosis
description of cirrhosis
the results of chronic, long-term irritation and/or infection that leads to teh proliferation of extracellular matrix
what is ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity related to portal hypertension
Who is at highest risk of gallstones
16-60/fertile women
what is a common site of gallbladder pain
between the scapulae & over the right shoulder
massage for a person who had her gallbladder removed several years ago
normal - safe & appropriate
most typical early symptoms of any kind of infectious hepatitis
general malaise, nausea, food aversion
a person with a history of hepatitis A infection
life-long immunity
how is hepatitis B transmitted
intimate fluids
most people with hepatitis c
develop a chronic infection
another name for liver cancer
nepatocellular carcinoma
many people with liver cancer also have
cirrhosis and/or hepatitis
massage for a person with pancreatic cancer will probably be conducted in what context
hospice care
what is a complication related to the pancreas not being able to release secretions
pancreatic autodigestion
when candidiasis appears in mild form it can resemble
allergies, chronic fatigue & chemical sensitivities
irritable bowel syndrome can also be referred to as
functional bowel syndrome
