Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are epimysium, endomysium and perimysium made of?
connective tissue
tendons connect to
muscle to bone
contributing factor to trigger points
pain-spasm-ischemia cycle
best description of a myofascial trigger point
area of hyper-toxicity has local & referred pain
Most common cause for myositis ossificans
injury by blunt trauma
Who most likely to develop mysoistis ossificans
spinal cord injury survivors
Injury most commonly associated with shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome
What feature of lower leg construction contributes to risk of shin splints
4 tough fascial compartments that separate the lower leg muscles
What phase requires immediate medical intervention
acute
Do to muscles in spasm as part of splinting mechanism
locally avoid massage until subacute or postacute stage
Associated with exercise-associated muscle cramping
dehydration, hyperthermia, overstimulation
most effective treatment for a strain
controlling inflammation & rehabilitation of damaged tissues
calcium is pulled off bones faster than it is deposited
osteoporosis
What bones are most vulnerable to osteoporosis
femur & vertebrae
Why women more prone to osteoporosis
child bearing, breast feeding, and smaller bones
Paget disease
bone is reabsorbed faster than normal & replaced with fibrous connective tissue
hyperkyphosis
humpback
structural postural deviation
soft tissue pulls vertebrae & ribs into permanent distortion
subluxation
bones are out of optimal alignment
formation of uric acid crystals around joints
gout
joint most likely to be affected by gout
1st metatarsal & proximal phalanx
why does gout tend to occur in the feet
gravity & lower temperature of extremities
lyme disease
bacterial infection caused by tick bite
symptoms associated with Lyme disease
bull’s eye rash
degenerative joint disease
osteoarthritis
leading risk factor for osteoarthritis
age, wear & tear & overweight
how does osteoarthritis usually begin
damage to articular cartilage
factors contribute to patellofemoral syndrome
overuse & poor alignment
dependable symptom of patellafemoral syndrome
crepitus at the knee
influence of massage for patellafemoral syndrome
helps with alignment issues, but can’t directly access the damaged tissue
key feature of spondylosis
ostephytic growths
most serious complication of spondylosis
spinal cord pressure
ruptured anterior talo-fibular ligament is a
3rd degree sprain
recommended self-care for acute sprains
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
temporomandibular joint disorder
collection of injuries to the jaw
bruxism
teeth grinding
what does dystrophin do
protein that converts fat or glycogen to fuel for muscles
role of massage for muscular dystrophy
indicated with caution because sensation is intact
Baker’s cyst
pouch at posterior aspect of the knee
If Baker cyst client has calf different temp than other what should therapist suspect
blood clot distal to the cyst
hallux valgus
bunions
contributing factor for bunions
high heels & narrow-toed shoes
most common location for bursitis
subacromial bursae
symptom for bursitis
pain on passive & active movement
Dupuytren contracture
palmar fasciitis
ganglion cysts
connective tissue pouches filled with fluid from tenosynovial sheaths
massage for client with ganglion cyst
locally contraindicated - LEAVE IT ALONE
hiatal hernia damages this structure
the diaphragm
men experience this hernia
Indirect inguinal hernia
epigastric hernia
increases risk of abdominal hernia
lifting & twisting
Osgood-Schlatter disease etiology
in teens femur & tibia grow faster than soft tissue creates tension at tibial tuberosity
long-term consequence of Osgood-Schlatter disease
An enlarged tibial tuberosity
pes cavas
jammed arches
plantar fasciitis
fibers are frayed and disorganized on plantar fascia
symptoms and signs of Plantar fasciitis
pain in sole of feet distal to calcaneous - more pain in morning
Scleroderma
fibroblasts near small blood vessels that produce abnormal amounts of collagen
tendinosis
Long-term degeneration-collagen fibers disrupted & discontinuous - tendon heals with poor collagen quality and alignment
tendinopathies long-term recovery treatment options
combination of rest, ice, stretching & carefully gauged exercise
difficulty extending 2 fingers & gritty sensation may be
tenosynovitis
common location for tenosynovitis
Palmer wrist or hand
whiplash
cervical acceleration-deceleration CAD
what is irritated with carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve
symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome occur where
lateral hand
degenerative disc disease
Small tears in the annulus accumulated over many years - decreased disc height & dehydration of nucleus
discs usually bulge this direction
posteriolaterally
which nerve roots are most at risk for compression with thoracic outlet syndrome
C8 & T1
client wakes at night with arm and hand feeling painful and tingly with periods of numbness, reduced sensation, and weakness in affected arm may have
thoracic outlet syndrome
3 typical stages of adhesive capsulitis
freezing-frozen-thawing
