Chapter 7

Question 1

Dimensional Lumber

Answer 1

Lumber with standard, nominal measurements for use in building construction. Dimensional lumber is also available in rough, green components with actual dimensions that match the nominal dimensions.

Question 2

Nominal Dimension of LUmber

Answer 2

Actual dimensions of processed lumber do not match the nominal dimensions, within defined parameters. Historically, the two sets of dimensions were identical.

Question 3

Specific Gravity

Answer 3

Mass (weight) of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temperature. A specific gravity less than 1 indicates a substance lighter than water; a specific gravity greater than 1 indicates a substance heavier than water.

Question 4

Grain

Answer 4

Direction of growth of a tree. Loads aligned perpendicular to the grain are more sturdily supported; lumber will split more easily when cut parallel to the grain.

Question 5

Engineered Wood

Answer 5

A material manufactured by bonding pieces of wood with glue or resin to form finished shapes.

Question 6

Laminated Wood

Answer 6

Material made of wood strips and resin, shaped, and bonded with heat and/or pressure.

Question 7

Glue-Laminated Beam

Answer 7

(1) Wooden structural member composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long, extremely strong beam. (2) Term used to describe wood members produced by joining small, flat strips of wood together with glue. Also known as Glued-Laminated Beam or Glulam Beam.

Question 8

Butt Joint

Answer 8

Connection between two parts made by simply securing ends surfaces together without additional shaping at the ends; a simple but week joint.

Question 9

Scarf Joint

Answer 9

Connection between two parts made by the cutting of overlapping mating parts and securing them by glue or fasteners so that the joint is not enlarged and the patterns are complementary.

Question 10

Finger Joint

Answer 10

Connection between tow parts made by cutting complementary mating parts, and then securing the joint with glue.

Question 11

Thermoplastic

Answer 11

Plastic that softens with an increase of temperature and hardens with a decrease of temperature but does not undergo any chemical change. Synthetic material made from the polymerization of organic compounds that become soft when heated and hard when cooled.

Question 12

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Answer 12

Synthetic chemical used in the manufacture of plastics and single-ply membrane roofs.

Question 13

Plywood

Answer 13

Woods sheet product made from several thin veneer layers that are sliced from logs and glued together.

Question 14

Nonveneered Panel

Answer 14

Lightweight wood construction panel manufactured from wood chips, strands, wafers, or sawdust and a bonding agent such as glue or resin. Used as sheathing, reinforcement of structural elements, and sub-flooring. Includes OSB, particleboard, waferboard.

Question 15

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Answer 15

Wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. This material has largely replaced plywood and planking in applications including roof decks, walls, and subfloors. Uses long strand like wood particles compressed and glued into3 to 5 layers. OSB panels are stronger and stiffer then waferboard or particleboard.

Question 16

Particleboard

Answer 16

Wooden structural panel formed from wood particles and synthetic resins. Also known as Flakeboard, Chipboard, or Shavings board. Although it may be used in lateral force resisting diaphragm. Used for flooring in manufactured and mobile homes. Can be manufactured in sizes up to 8 by 40 feet.

Question 17

Composite Panels

Answer 17

Produced with parallel external face veneers bonded to a core of reconstituted fibers. Also known as Sandwich Panel.

Question 18

Structural Insulated Panel (SIP)

Answer 18

A composite panel used in structural applications; made of plastic foam between two outer wood panels, often oriented strand board (OSB).

Question 19

Polyurethane

Answer 19

A polymer formed by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol; used in many applications including floating insulating foams and floating ropes.

Question 20

R-Value

Answer 20

A measure of the ability of a material to insulate. Used in structural engineering and construction. Insulators with higher R-values are more effective.

Question 21

Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)

Answer 21

Exterior cladding or covering systems composed of an adhesively or mechanically fastened foam insulation board, reinforcing mesh, a base coat, and an outer finish coat. Also known as Synthetic Stucco.

Question 22

Cladding

Answer 22

Exterior finish or skin.

Question 23

Veneered Walls

Answer 23

Walls with a surface layer of attractive material laid over a base of common material.

Question 24

Manufactured Components

Answer 24

Structural elements constructed in a factory and shipped to the construction site.

Question 25

Lumber

Answer 25

Lengths of wood prepared for use in construction; items are graded for strength and appearance.

Question 26

Ignition Source

Answer 26

Mechanism or initial energy source employed to initiate combustion, such as a spark that provides a means for the initiation of self-sustained combustion.

Question 27

Pyrolysis

Answer 27

Thermal or chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating, generally resulting in the lowered ignition temperature of the material; the pre-ignition combustion phase of burning during which heat energy is absorbed by the fuel, which in turn gives off flammable tars, pitches, and gases: often precedes combustion. Pyrolysis of wood releases combustible gases and leaves a charred surface. Also known as Pyrolysis Process or Sublimation. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of wood and begins at a temp somewhere below approximately 392f

Question 28

Surface-To-Mass Ratio

Answer 28

Relationship between the available surface area of the fuel and the mass of the fuel; used to predict the rate of fire consumption of combustible material.

Question 29

Hygroscopic

Answer 29

Ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air.

Question 30

Balloon Frame Construction

Answer 30

Type of structural framing used in some single-story and multistory wood frame buildings; studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof, and there may be no fire stops between the studs.

Question 31

Ledger Board

Answer 31

Horizontal framework member, especially one attached to a beam side that supports the joists. Also known as Ribbon Board.

Question 32

Platform Frame Construction

Answer 32

(1) Type of framing in which each floor is built as a separate platform, and the studs are not continuous beyond each floor. Also known as Western Frame Construction. (2) A construction method in which a floor assembly creates an individual platform that rest on the foundation. Wall assemblies the height of one story are placed on this platform and a second platform rests on top of the wall unit. Each platform creates fire stops at each floor level restricting the spread of fire within the wall cavity.

Question 33

I-Joist

Answer 33

Engineered wood joists with an “I” shaped cross section. Commonly used in modern roof and floor construction.

Question 34

Laminated veneer lumber (lvl)

Answer 34

Uses sheets of veneer peeled from outer portion of a log. These sheets of veneer are laminated in parallel alignment. LVL is used in I joist and beam sections that are 1 3/4 to 3 1/2 inches thick

Question 35

Parallel strand lumber (PSL)

Answer 35

Is made from veneers that are not as uniform as those used in LVL. These veneers produce odd shaped strands that are coated with an adhesive and cured under pressure. PSL can be produced in standard sizes ranging from 2 to 8 feet in length. PSL is the strongest of the three SCL products and can be used for heavily loaded columns and long spans

Question 36

Laminated strand lumber (LSL)

Answer 36

Is made with long strands of wood up to12 inches in length. The strands are bonded with a resin in a steam pressing process. LSLis typically used for short span beams and columns