Chapter 10

Question 1

Concrete

Answer 1

Strong, hard building material produced from a mixture of portland cement and an aggregate filler/binder to which water is added to form a slurry that sets into a rigid building material.

Question 2

Cement

Answer 2

Any adhesive material or variety of materials with adhesive and cohesive properties to bond inert aggregate materials into a solid mass by chemical hardening. For example, portland cement is combined with sand and/or other aggregates and water to produce mortar or concrete.

Question 3

Aggregate

Answer 3

Particulate material used in construction to provide a stable bedding or reinforce a composition material. Used as an extender in concrete. Can be graded into coarse and fine grain sizes and material types including sand, gravel, stone, etc.

Question 4

Admixture

Answer 4

Ingredients or chemicals added to concrete mix to produce concrete with specific characteristics.

Question 5

Superplasticizer

Answer 5

Admixture used with concrete or mortar mix to make it workable, pliable, and soft while using relatively little water.

Question 6

Reinforced Concrete

Answer 6

Concrete that is internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh placed within the concrete before it hardens. Reinforcement allows the concrete to resist tensile forces.

Question 7

Reinforcing Bars (Rebar)

Answer 7

Steel bars placed in concrete forms before the cement is poured. When the concrete sets (hardens), the rebar within it adds considerable strength and reinforcement.

Question 8

Prestressing

Answer 8

Stress introduced to the concrete before the load is applied; accomplished by tensioning reinforcing bars before the concrete is poured.

Question 9

Pretensioned Reinforcement (Concrete)

Answer 9

Concrete reinforcement method. Steel strands are stretched, producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden.

Question 10

Posttensioned Reinforcement (Concrete)

Answer 10

Concrete reinforcement method. Reinforcing steel stands in the concrete are tensioned after the concrete has hardened.

Question 11

Precast Concrete

Answer 11

Method of building construction where the concrete building member is poured and set according to specification in a controlled environment and is then shipped to the construction site for use.

Question 12

Cast-In-Place Concrete

Answer 12

Common type of concrete construction. Refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used.

Question 13

Heat of Hydration

Answer 13

During the hardening of concrete, heat is given off by the chemical process.

Question 14

Slump Test

Answer 14

Method of evaluating the moisture content of wet concrete by measuring the amount that a small, cone-shaped sample of the concrete slumps after it is removed from a standard-sized test mold.

Question 15

Flat-Slab Concrete Frame

Answer 15

Construction technique using concrete slabs supported by concrete columns.

Question 16

Flat Plate

Answer 16

Plain floor slab about 8 inches (200 mm) thick that rests on columns spaced up to 22 feet (6.5 m) apart and depends on diagonal and orthogonal patterns of reinforcing bars for structural support because the slab lacks beams; simplest and most economical floor system.

Question 17

Two-Way Slab Construction

Answer 17

Concrete construction framework type that uses reinforcing steel placed on the bottom of the framework that provides reinforcement in two directions. Also known as Waffle Construction.

Question 18

Tilt-Up Construction

Answer 18

Type of construction in which concrete wall sections (slabs) are cast on the concrete floor of the building, then tilted up into the vertical position. Also known as Tilt-Slab Construction.

Question 19

Shale and clinker

Answer 19

Reduce the density of the concrete

Question 20

Prestressed concrete systems may be more

Answer 20

Vulnerable to failure then ordinary reinforced concrete