chapter 7

Question 1

Nutrition is the science that investigates

Answer 1

the relationship between the body’s functioning and the elements of food eaten.

Question 2

the digestive process begins in the

Answer 2

mouth

Question 3

calories are the measure of

Answer 3

energy obtained from a particular food

Question 4

after water, which are the next most abundant substances in the human body?

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and water are essential

Answer 5

nutrients

Question 6

One-third of the calories Americans consume come from

Answer 6

junk food

Question 7

How much of our total body weight is water?

Answer 7

50-70 percent

Question 8

Which type of fiber dissolves in water and can be digested easily by bacteria in the colon?

Answer 8

soluble

Question 9

Which of the following guidelines will be helpful if you want to increase your intake of antioxidants?

Answer 9

eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including dark green vegetables

Question 10

When protein is consumed, the body breaks it down into smaller molecules known as

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

Foods from animal sources usually contain which type of protein?

Answer 11

complete

Question 12

To support cellular growth and repair, a pregnant woman and a person recovering from surgery both need to eat

Answer 12

extra protein

Question 13

Minerals are inorganic elements that the body needs to

Answer 13

aid physiological processes, such as the absorption of vitamins

Question 14

The energy to sustain normal daily activities is provided by

Answer 14

carbohydrates

Question 15

The main fuel for the body’s cells is

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?

Answer 16

lactose

Question 17

Which of the following are sources of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 17

grains, legumes, and vegetables

Question 18

Paul drinks a glass of milk with dinner. The disaccharide in milk that must be broken down before being used by his body is

Answer 18

lactose

Question 19

complex carbohydrates are also known as

Answer 19

C) polysaccharides.

Question 20

Glucose is stored in muscles and the liver in the form of

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

) How many grams of dietary fiber are recommended for adults to consume each day?

Answer 21

25-40 grams

Question 22

) Providing energy, insulating body organs, and maintaining body temperature are functions of

Answer 22

fats

Question 23

the majority of fat in the body consists of

Answer 23

triglycerides

Question 24

Arthur is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which substance makes up the major portion of the plaque build-up in his arteries?

Answer 24

cholesterol

Question 25

High levels of which type of cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?

Answer 25

HDL

Question 26

) What percentage of total calories consumed should come from fat?

Answer 26

20-35%

Question 27

Monounsaturated fats are generally thought of as healthful because they appear to

Answer 27

lower LDL levels and increase HDL levels

Question 28

the process of hydrogenating fats is used to

Answer 28

solidify the oil and allow a longer shelf life

Question 29

What happens when oils are hydrogenated?

Answer 29

trans-fatty acids are produced

Question 30

Flax seeds, fatty fish, walnuts, and dark green leafy vegetables contain beneficial fats known as

Answer 30

omega-3 fatty acids

Question 31

) Which of the following would be the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 31

salmon

Question 32

Colleen has been warned by her nutritionist that taking large amounts of a certain vitamin can be toxic because it accumulates in the liver. Which vitamin?

Answer 32

vitamin A

Question 33

33) Which type of foods are believed to have specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition?

Answer 33

functional foods

Question 34

Calcium is an example of which type of mineral?

Answer 34

major mineral

Question 35

Which mineral is necessary for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body?

Answer 35

sodium

Question 36

The recommended daily amount of sodium for a healthy adult is fewer than 2,300 milligrams, which equates to

Answer 36

less than 1 teaspoon of table salt

Question 37

Which of the following is the primary mineral component in bones and teeth?

Answer 37

calcium

Question 38

) In addition to dairy products, what other foods are good sources of calcium?

Answer 38

broccoli and kale

Question 39

What is the most common nutrient deficiency, both in the United States and worldwide?

Answer 39

iron deficiency

Question 40

Which ingredient in soft drinks can cause loss of bone density, especially in women?

Answer 40

phosphoric acid

Question 41

Which vitamin is necessary for the body to properly absorb calcium?

Answer 41

vitamin D

Question 42

42) Empty calorie foods are foods that are

Answer 42

high calorie foods with little nutritional value

Question 43

The term locavore describes people who

Answer 43

primarily eat foods grown or produced near their home

Question 44

Ida is a vegetarian who also consumes dairy products and eggs. People with her eating habits are known as

Answer 44

lacto-ovo vegetarians

Question 45

A person who avoids eating red meat but does consume seafood, dairy products, and eggs is known as a

Answer 45

pesco-vegitarian

Question 46

Antioxidants are substances that

Answer 46

stabilize free radicals

Question 47

The most common genetically modified food crops are

Answer 47

soybeans, corn, and cotton

Question 48

organic foods are those that are

Answer 48

grown or produced without the use of pesticides, chemicals, or hormones.

Question 49

food irradiation

Answer 49

destroys pathogens in food and extends the shelf life.

Question 50

Sulfites, salt, gluten, and coloring agents are examples of common

Answer 50

food additives